Kikaonde
Niger-Kongo
Kikaonde (Kikaonde) ni lugha ya Kibantu (Glottolog L41) inayozungumzwa na takriban watu 400,000 katika Jimbo la Kaskazini-Magharibi la Zambia, likiwa na makundi madogo ng'ambo ya mpaka wa DRC huko Katanga. Kikaonde ni mojawapo ya lugha saba za kimkoa zinazotambuliwa rasmi nchini Zambia na hutumika katika elimu ya msingi na utangazaji wa ZNBC pamoja na Kibemba, Kinyanja, Kitonga, Kilozi, Kilunda na Kiluvale. Ndani ya kundi dogo la L40 la Lunda-Kaonde, Kikaonde hushiriki vipengele vingi vya msamiati na lugha dada Kilunda (lun) na Kiluvale (lue), kuonyesha uhamaji wa mfecane wa Lunda-Luba kutoka savanna ya Kongo ya kati katika karne ya 18. Kiisimu, Kikaonde kina sifa za kawaida za Kibantu (madaraja ya nomino 16 au zaidi, mofolojia changamano ya kitenzi yenye nyakati nyingi na vialamisho vya hali na namna, mfumo wa rejista wa toni mbili). Kaonde-English Dictionary ya Wright (1985) ndio marejeo ya kawaida.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kikaonde
Maji
mema
/mema/
Moto
mujilo
/mudʒilo/
Jua
juba
/dʒuba/
Mwezi
ñondo
/ɲondo/
Nyota
lutanda
/lutanda/
Mama
bama
/bama/
Baba
batata
/batata/
Mimi
amiwa
/amiwa/
Wewe
obewa
/obewa/
Jina
jizhina
/dʒiʒina/
Jicho
jiso
/dʒiso/
Mkono
kuboko
/kuboko/
Moyo
muchima
/mutʃima/
Upendo
butemwe
/butemwe/
Mti
kichi
/kitʃi/
Nyumba
nzubo
/nzubo/
Mbwa
mbwa
/mbwa/
Paka
kapuso
/kapuso/
Kula
kuja
/kudʒa/
Kunywa
kutoma
/kutoma/
Moja
umo
/umo/
Mbili
bibili
/bibili/
Habari
mwapoñai
/mwapoɲai/
Asante
nasakwilila
/nasakwilila/
Nzuri
kyawama
/kjawama/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Niger-Congo zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kikaonde | Kiluvale | Kibemba | Kiluba-Kasai | Kilunda | Kitonga (Zambia) | Kimbundu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mema /mema/ | meya /meja/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | mâyi /maːji/ | meji /medʒi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | menha /meɲa/ |
| Moto | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | kapia /kapia/ | kesi /kesi/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | tubia /tubja/ |
| Jua | juba /dʒuba/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | dîba /diːba/ | itaŋwa /itaŋwa/ | zuba /zuba/ | muanya /mwaɲa/ |
| Mwezi | ñondo /ɲondo/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | ngondo /ŋɡondo/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngonde /ŋɡonde/ |
| Nyota | lutanda /lutanda/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | intanda /intanda/ | mutoto /mutoto/ | katumbwa /katumbwa/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ |
| Mama | bama /bama/ | mama /mama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | mâmu /maːmu/ | mama /mama/ | bama /bama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | batata /batata/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | tâtu /taːtu/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | tata /tata/ |
| Mimi | amiwa /amiwa/ | ami /ami/ | ine /ine/ | meme /meme/ | ami /ami/ | ime /ime/ | eme /eme/ |
| Wewe | obewa /obewa/ | ove /ove/ | iwe /iwe/ | wewe /wewe/ | eyi /eji/ | iwe /iwe/ | eie /eje/ |
| Jina | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | dîna /diːna/ | ijina /idʒina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ |
| Jicho | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | dîsu /diːsu/ | disu /disu/ | liso /liso/ | dixi /diʃi/ |
| Mkono | kuboko /kuboko/ | livoko /livoko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | tshianza /tʃianza/ | chikasa /tʃikasa/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ |
| Moyo | muchima /mutʃima/ | mutima /mutima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mucima /mutʃima/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | moyo /mojo/ | muxima /muʃima/ |
| Upendo | butemwe /butemwe/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | dinanga /dinaŋɡa/ | kukeŋa /kukeŋa/ | luyando /lujando/ | henda /henda/ |
| Mti | kichi /kitʃi/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | mutshi /mutʃi/ | mutondu /mutondu/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | mukune /mukune/ |
| Nyumba | nzubo /nzubo/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | ing'anda /iŋːanda/ | nzubu /nzubu/ | itala /itala/ | ng'anda /ŋanda/ | inzo /inzo/ |
| Mbwa | mbwa /mbwa/ | kawa /kawa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kawa /kawa/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | kapuso /kapuso/ | katako /katako/ | pushi /puʃi/ | nyao /ɲao/ | — /—/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | kasalu /kasalu/ |
| Kula | kuja /kudʒa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudia /kudia/ | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Kunywa | kutoma /kutoma/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kunua /kunua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Moja | umo /umo/ | -mwe /mwe/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | umue /umue/ | wumu /wumu/ | -mwi /mwi/ | -moxi /moʃi/ |
| Mbili | bibili /bibili/ | -vali /vali/ | fibili /fibili/ | bibidi /bibidi/ | ayedi /ajedi/ | -bili /bili/ | -iadi /jaːdi/ |
| Habari | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | mwane /mwane/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | moyo /mojo/ | mwani /mwani/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | kiebi /kiebi/ |
| Asante | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | natotela /natotela/ | tuasakidila /tuasakidila/ | nasakalili /nasakalili/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | kishukutu /kiʃukutu/ |
| Nzuri | kyawama /kjawama/ | -mwaza /mwaza/ | chisuma /tʃisuma/ | bimpe /bimpe/ | chachiwahi /tʃatʃiwahi/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | kiá /kja/ |
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