Ilokano
Ilocano
Austronesian
Ilocano (Ilokano, Iloko) is the third most-spoken native language in the Philippines after Tagalog and Cebuano, dominant in the Ilocos Region of northern Luzon and the Cagayan Valley, with a sizeable diaspora in Hawai'i where Ilocanos formed a major share of early sugar-plantation labour. It is an Austronesian language with verb-initial typology, focus-marking voice morphology, and inclusive/exclusive pronoun distinctions, written in a Latin orthography supplemented by historical Baybayin.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Ilocano
Water
danum
/danum/
Fire
apoy
/ʔaˈpoj/
Sun
init
/ʔinit/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Mother
ina
/ʔiˈna/
Father
ama
/ʔaˈma/
Eat
mangan
/maŋan/
Drink
uminom
/ʔumiˈnom/
Love
ayat
/ʔaˈjat/
Heart
puso
/puso/
Tree
kayo
/kajo/
House
balay
/balaj/
Dog
aso
/ˈʔaso/
Cat
pusa
/pusa/
Hand
ima
/ʔima/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
kablaaw
/kablaʔaw/
Thank you
agyamanak
/ʔaɡjamanak/
One
maysa
/majsa/
Good
nasayaat
/nasajaʔat/
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Ilocano | Central Cagayan Agta | Tagalog | Maranao | Old Tagalog | Pangasinan | Maguindanao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | danum /danum/ | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | danum /daˈnum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ |
| Fire | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apuy /ʔaˈpuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apoy /apoj/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | apoy /ˈʔapoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ |
| Sun | init /ʔinit/ | agew /ˈʔaɡew/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | agew /ˈʔaɡəw/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bolan /bolan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ |
| Mother | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ina/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ |
| Father | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ama/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | mangan /maˈŋan/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ |
| Drink | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | minom /minom/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | oninum /ʔoˈninum/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ |
| Love | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | aro /ˈʔaɾo/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | poso /poso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | puso /ˈpuso/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ |
| Tree | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kayo /kajo/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kiew /ˈkiəw/ | kayu /kaˈju/ |
| House | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | walay /walaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | abong /ˈʔaboŋ/ | walay /waˈlaj/ |
| Dog | aso /ˈʔaso/ | atu /ˈʔatu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /aso/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ |
| Cat | pusa /pusa/ | kuti /kuti/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | pusa /ˈpusa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ |
| Hand | ima /ʔima/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /liˈma/ | lima /liˈma/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ |
| Hello | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kapian /kapijan/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | maabig ya agew /maˈʔabiɡ ja ˈʔaɡəw/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ |
| Thank you | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /saˈlamat/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ |
| One | maysa /majsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /isa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | sakey /saˈkəj/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ |
| Good | nasayaat /nasajaʔat/ | napya /napja/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | mapia /mapija/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | maong /maˈʔoŋ/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
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