Ilokano
Ilocano
Austronesian
Ilocano (Ilokano, Iloko) is the third most-spoken native language in the Philippines after Tagalog and Cebuano, dominant in the Ilocos Region of northern Luzon and the Cagayan Valley, with a sizeable diaspora in Hawai'i where Ilocanos formed a major share of early sugar-plantation labour. It is an Austronesian language with verb-initial typology, focus-marking voice morphology, and inclusive/exclusive pronoun distinctions, written in a Latin orthography supplemented by historical Baybayin.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Ilocano
Water
danum
/danum/
Fire
apoy
/ʔaˈpoj/
Sun
init
/ʔinit/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
bituen
/bituˈen/
Mother
ina
/ʔiˈna/
Father
ama
/ʔaˈma/
I
siak
/siˈak/
You
sika
/siˈka/
Name
nagan
/ˈnaɡan/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
ima
/ʔima/
Heart
puso
/puso/
Love
ayat
/ʔaˈjat/
Tree
kayo
/kajo/
House
balay
/balaj/
Dog
aso
/ˈʔaso/
Cat
pusa
/pusa/
Eat
mangan
/maŋan/
Drink
uminom
/ʔumiˈnom/
One
maysa
/majsa/
Two
dua
/duˈa/
Hello
kablaaw
/kablaʔaw/
Thank you
agyamanak
/ʔaɡjamanak/
Good
nasayaat
/nasajaʔat/
Computer
kompiuter
/komˈpjutɛr/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Ilocano | Central Cagayan Agta | Tagalog | Maranao | Pangasinan | Maguindanao | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | danum /danum/ | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ | danum /daˈnum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apuy /ʔaˈpuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apoy /apoj/ | apoy /ˈʔapoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | init /ʔinit/ | agew /ˈʔaɡew/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | agew /ˈʔaɡəw/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bolan /bolan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Star | bituen /bituˈen/ | bituen /biˈtuʔen/ | bituin /bɪtuˈʔin/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | bitewen /bitewɛn/ | bituon /bituʔon/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ |
| Mother | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| I | siak /siˈak/ | sikán /siˈkan/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ako/ | siak /siʔak/ | saki /saki/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ |
| You | sika /siˈka/ | sikaw /siˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | seka /sɵka/ | sika /sika/ | seka /səka/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ |
| Name | nagan /ˈnaɡan/ | ngahan /ˈŋahan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngala /ŋala/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Hand | ima /ʔima/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | lima /liˈma/ | lima /liˈma/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | poso /poso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | puso /ˈpuso/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Love | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | aro /ˈʔaɾo/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Tree | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kayo /kajo/ | kiew /ˈkiəw/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| House | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | walay /walaj/ | abong /ˈʔaboŋ/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Dog | aso /ˈʔaso/ | atu /ˈʔatu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | pusa /pusa/ | kuti /kuti/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /ˈpusa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maˈŋan/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | minom /minom/ | oninum /ʔoˈninum/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| One | maysa /majsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /isa/ | sakey /saˈkəj/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Two | dua /duˈa/ | duwa /ˈduwa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | dowa /dowa/ | dua /duʔa/ | dua /duwa/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ |
| Hello | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kapian /kapijan/ | maabig ya agew /maˈʔabiɡ ja ˈʔaɡəw/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /saˈlamat/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| Good | nasayaat /nasajaʔat/ | napya /napja/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | mapia /mapija/ | maong /maˈʔoŋ/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
| Computer | kompiuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | kompiyuter /kompiˈjuteɾ/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ |
Word order compared
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