Deutsch

German

Germanic

FamilyGermanic Speakers~130M ScriptLatin CountriesGermany, Austria, Switzerland Official in6 countries + EU Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3deu Glottocodestan1295

Also known as: German, Deutsch

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language with ~95M L1 speakers and the most-widely-spoken native language in the European Union. It is official in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and the Italian region of South Tyrol, plus regional/minority status in Belgium (East Cantons), Namibia, and many historical diaspora communities. Sister language to Dutch, English, and the Scandinavian languages within Germanic. Written in the Latin alphabet (Fraktur typeface dominated until 1941 when the Nazi regime mandated Antiqua); the Eszett ß and umlauted vowels ä/ö/ü are distinctive. The 1996 spelling reform (Rechtschreibreform), revised 2004/2006, standardized punctuation, ß/ss usage, and capitalization across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Grammatically conservative: 4 cases (nominative-accusative-dative-genitive), 3 grammatical genders (masculine/feminine/neuter), strong/weak verb classes, and verb-second word order in main clauses with verb-final order in subordinate clauses. Hundreds of years of literary tradition from the Nibelungenlied (~1200) through Goethe, Schiller, Kafka, Mann, and Grass (Nobel 1999); a foundational language of philosophy (Kant, Hegel, Heidegger), music (Bach, Beethoven), and 19th-20th c. natural sciences.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in German

Water

Wasser

/vasɐ/

Fire

Feuer

/fɔɪ̯ɐ/

Sun

Sonne

/zɔnə/

Moon

Mond

/moːnt/

Star

Stern

/ʃtɛʁn/

Mother

Mutter

/mʊtɐ/

Father

Vater

/faːtɐ/

I

ich

/ɪç/

You

du

/duː/

Name

Name

/ˈnaːmə/

Eye

Auge

/aʊ̯ɡə/

Hand

Hand

/hant/

Heart

Herz

/hɛʁts/

Love

Liebe

/liːbə/

Tree

Baum

/baʊ̯m/

House

Haus

/haʊ̯s/

Dog

Hund

/hʊnt/

Cat

Katze

/katsə/

Eat

essen

/ɛsn̩/

Drink

trinken

/tʁɪŋkn̩/

One

eins

/aɪ̯ns/

Two

zwei

/tsvaɪ/

Hello

Hallo

/haloː/

Thank you

danke

/daŋkə/

Good

gut

/ɡuːt/

Cuckoo

Kuckuck

/ˈkʊkʊk/

Woof

wau wau

/vaʊ vaʊ/

Computer

Computer

/kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/

Sushi

Sushi

/ˈzuːʃi/

Dopamine

Dopamin

/dopaˈmiːn/

At sign (@)

Klammeraffe

/ˈklamɐʔˌafə/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Germanic languages

Meaning GermanGerman (Luxembourgish)German (Austrian)German (Swiss)Early New High German (Luther-era)KölschPennsylvania German
Water Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /ˈvasər/ Wasser /ˈvasːər/ Wasser /vasɐ/ Wasser /vasər/
Fire Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ Fewr /foɪ̯r/ Füer /fyːɐ/ Feier /faɪər/
Sun Sonne /zɔnə/ Sonne /zɔnə/ Sonne /sɔnə/ Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ Sonn /zɔn/ Sunn /sʊn/
Moon Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Mond /moːnt/ Muun /muːn/
Star Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ Stern /ʃtɛrn/ Stern /ʃtɛrn/ Stään /ʃtɛːn/ Schteern /ʃteːrn/
Mother Mutter /mʊtɐ/ Mutter /mʊtɐ/ Mutter /mʊtɐ/ Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ Moder /moːdɐ/ Mudder /mʊdər/
Father Vater /faːtɐ/ Vater /faːtɐ/ Vater /fɑːtɐ/ Vater /ˈfaːtər/ Vater /ˈfaːtər/ Vatter /fatɐ/ Daadi /daːdi/
I ich /ɪç/ ich /ɪç/ ich /ɪç/ ich /ɪx/ ich /ɪç/ ich /ɪɕ/ ich /ɪç/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
German
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
Je voudrais essayer un costume que j' ai vu dans un magasin en face de l'hôtel
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Ek wil 'n pak aanpas wat ek gesien het ‌in 'n winkel oorkant die hotel
Jeg vil prøve et jakkesæt som jeg i en butik overfor hotellet
Ik wil een pak passen dat ik zag ‌in een winkel tegenover het hotel
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
German
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe

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