Rinconada Bikol
Iriga Bicolano
Austronesian
Iriga Bicolano (Rinconada Bikol, autonymously Rinconada) is a Bikol Austronesian language spoken by ~250,000 people in the Rinconada district of Camarines Sur Province in the Bicol Region of Luzon, Philippines. Although traditionally classified as a dialect of Bikol Central (bik), Rinconada is in fact a distinct language not mutually intelligible with Standard Bikol Central spoken in Naga City. Its most distinctive linguistic feature is the schwa vowel ə (written ë in some orthographies), which contrasts with the simpler 5-vowel system of Bikol Central — this gives Rinconada words like aldəw 'sun' vs Bikol Central aldaw. The Bikol cluster includes ~12 distinct varieties; modern Lobel (2013) treatment classifies Rinconada as one of the Inland Bikol languages. Despite its 250K speakers, Rinconada faces pressure from Standard Bikol Central in education and media.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Iriga Bicolano
Water
tubig
/tubiɡ/
Fire
kalayo
/kalajɔ/
Sun
aldəw
/aldəw/
Moon
bulən
/bulən/
Star
bitóon
/bituʔon/
Mother
ina
/ina/
Father
ama
/ama/
I
akó
/ʔako/
You
ikā
/ʔika/
Name
ngaran
/ŋaran/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
kamət
/kamət/
Heart
puso
/puso/
Love
pagkaibəg
/paɡkaʔibəɡ/
Tree
kahoy
/kahɔj/
House
baləy
/baləj/
Dog
ayam
/ajam/
Cat
kuting
/kutiŋ/
Eat
kaən
/kaʔən/
Drink
inum
/inum/
One
əsad
/əsad/
Two
darwā
/darwaː/
Hello
kumusta
/kumusta/
Thank you
dyos mabalos
/djos mabalos/
Good
marhəy
/maɾhəj/
Computer
kompyuter
/komˈpjutɛr/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Iriga Bicolano | Bikol Central | Waray | Hiligaynon | Cebuano | Tausug | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kayu /kaju/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | aldəw /aldəw/ | saldang /salˈdaŋ/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Star | bitóon /bituʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituun /bituʔun/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ |
| Mother | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | nanay /nanaj/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | tatay /tataj/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| I | akó /ʔako/ | ako /ʔako/ | ako /ʔako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | aku /aku/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ |
| You | ikā /ʔika/ | ika /ʔika/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ikaw/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngan /ŋan/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Hand | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamɔt/ | kamot /kamɔt/ | kamot /kamot/ | lima /lima/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | tagipusoon /taɡipusɔʔɔn/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Love | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | lasa /lasa/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Tree | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| House | baləy /baləj/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bāy /baːj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Dog | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | ido /ʔidɔ/ | iro /iɾo/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | kuting /kutiŋ/ | ikos /ikos/ | misay /misaj/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Eat | kaən /kaʔən/ | kakanon /kakanon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔɔn/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | inum /inum/ | inumon /inumon/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ | inom /inom/ | minum /minum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| One | əsad /əsad/ | saro /saɾo/ | usa /ʔusa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | usa /usa/ | isa /isa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Two | darwā /darwaː/ | duwa /duwa/ | duha /duha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duwa /duwa/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| Good | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | maayo /maʔajɔ/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
| Computer | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ |
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