Rinconada Bikol
Iriga Bicolano
Austronesian
Iriga Bicolano (Rinconada Bikol, autonymously Rinconada) is a Bikol Austronesian language spoken by ~250,000 people in the Rinconada district of Camarines Sur Province in the Bicol Region of Luzon, Philippines. Although traditionally classified as a dialect of Bikol Central (bik), Rinconada is in fact a distinct language not mutually intelligible with Standard Bikol Central spoken in Naga City. Its most distinctive linguistic feature is the schwa vowel ə (written ë in some orthographies), which contrasts with the simpler 5-vowel system of Bikol Central — this gives Rinconada words like aldəw 'sun' vs Bikol Central aldaw. The Bikol cluster includes ~12 distinct varieties; modern Lobel (2013) treatment classifies Rinconada as one of the Inland Bikol languages. Despite its 250K speakers, Rinconada faces pressure from Standard Bikol Central in education and media.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Iriga Bicolano
Water
tubig
/tubiɡ/
Fire
kalayo
/kalajɔ/
Sun
aldəw
/aldəw/
Moon
bulən
/bulən/
Mother
ina
/ina/
Father
ama
/ama/
Eat
kaən
/kaʔən/
Drink
inum
/inum/
Love
pagkaibəg
/paɡkaʔibəɡ/
Heart
puso
/puso/
Tree
kahoy
/kahɔj/
House
baləy
/baləj/
Dog
ayam
/ajam/
Cat
kuting
/kutiŋ/
Hand
kamət
/kamət/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
kumusta
/kumusta/
Thank you
dyos mabalos
/djos mabalos/
One
əsad
/əsad/
Good
marhəy
/maɾhəj/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Iriga Bicolano | Bikol Central | Hiligaynon | Cebuano | Tausug | Waray | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kayu /kaju/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | aldəw /aldəw/ | aldaw /aldaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Mother | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | tatay /tataj/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| Eat | kaən /kaʔən/ | kakanon /kakanon/ | kaon /kaʔɔn/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | inum /inum/ | inumon /inumon/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ | inom /inom/ | minum /minum/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| Love | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | lasa /lasa/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ | tagipusoon /taɡipusɔʔɔn/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Tree | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| House | baləy /baləj/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bāy /baːj/ | balay /balaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Dog | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | ido /ʔidɔ/ | iro /iɾo/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | kuting /kutiŋ/ | ikos /ikos/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Hand | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamɔt/ | kamot /kamot/ | lima /lima/ | kamot /kamɔt/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | salamat /salamat/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| One | əsad /əsad/ | saro /saɾo/ | isa /ʔisa/ | usa /usa/ | isa /isa/ | usa /ʔusa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Good | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ | maayo /maʔajɔ/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
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