Bahasa Melayu

Malay

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~77M ScriptLatin (Rumi) / Jawi CountriesMalaysia, Brunei, Singapore Official inMalaysia, Brunei, Singapore Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3msa Glottocodemala1546

Also known as: Malay, Bahasa Melayu

Malay (Bahasa Melayu) is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore (~33M L1 + ~44M L2; ~290M including the closely related Indonesian sister-standard). It is a Malayic Austronesian language, shares ~80% mutual intelligibility with Indonesian, and was the lingua franca of Maritime Southeast Asia for over a millennium of Indian Ocean trade. Two writing systems coexist: Rumi (Latin, government standard since the 1972 MABBIM accord harmonizing Malaysian and Indonesian orthographies) and Jawi (Arabic-derived, 14th-c. Pasai inscriptions through 19th c. dominance; still active in Brunei, Pattani Thailand, Malaysian ceremonial contexts). Linguistically: SVO, non-tonal, extensive verbal affixation, and noun-class-free typology.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Malay

Water

air

/ˈa.ir/

Fire

api

/api/

Sun

matahari

/matahari/

Moon

bulan

/bulan/

Star

bintang

/bintaŋ/

Mother

ibu

/ibu/

Father

ayah

/ajah/

I

saya

/saja/

You

awak

/awaʔ/

Name

nama

/nama/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hand

tangan

/taŋan/

Heart

hati

/hati/

Love

cinta

/tʃinta/

Tree

pokok

/pokoʔ/

House

rumah

/rumah/

Dog

anjing

/andʒiŋ/

Cat

kucing

/kutʃiŋ/

Eat

makan

/makan/

Drink

minum

/minum/

One

satu

/satu/

Two

dua

/dua/

Hello

hai

/hai/

Thank you

terima kasih

/tərima kasih/

Good

baik

/baiʔ/

Cuckoo

sewah

/ˈsewah/

Woof

gonggong

/ɡɔŋɡɔŋ/

Computer

komputer

/kɔmˈpu.tə(r)/

Sushi

susyi

/suʃi/

Dopamine

dopamin

/dopaˈmin/

At sign (@)

di

/di/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian languages

Meaning MalayIndonesianNorth Moluccan MalayMusiAmbon MalayOld MalayMinangkabau
Water air /ˈa.ir/ air /ˈa.ir/ aer /aer/ ayek /ajek/ aer /aer/ ayar /ajar/ aia /aia/
Fire api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ mata hari /mata hari/ matari /matari/ matoari /matoaɾi/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Star bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/
Mother ibu /ibu/ ibu /ibu/ mama /mama/ mak /mak/ mama /mama/ ibu /ibu/ amak /amaʔ/
Father ayah /ajah/ ayah /ajah/ papa /papa/ bapak /bapak/ papa /papa/ bapa /bapa/ abak /abaʔ/
I saya /saja/ saya /saja/ kita /kita/ aku /aku/ beta /beta/ aku /aku/ ambo /ambo/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Malay
Saya ingin mencuba sut yang saya nampak di kedai bertentangan hotel
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela
Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kayatko a padasan ti suit a nakitak iti tiendaan sangbay ti hotel
Malay
Saya ingin mencuba sut yang saya nampak di kedai bertentangan hotel

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