Bahasa Melayu
Malay
Austronesian
Also known as: Malay, Bahasa Melayu
Malay (Bahasa Melayu) is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore (~33M L1 + ~44M L2; ~290M including the closely related Indonesian sister-standard). It is a Malayic Austronesian language, shares ~80% mutual intelligibility with Indonesian, and was the lingua franca of Maritime Southeast Asia for over a millennium of Indian Ocean trade. Two writing systems coexist: Rumi (Latin, government standard since the 1972 MABBIM accord harmonizing Malaysian and Indonesian orthographies) and Jawi (Arabic-derived, 14th-c. Pasai inscriptions through 19th c. dominance; still active in Brunei, Pattani Thailand, Malaysian ceremonial contexts). Linguistically: SVO, non-tonal, extensive verbal affixation, and noun-class-free typology.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Malay
Water
air
/ˈa.ir/
Fire
api
/api/
Sun
matahari
/matahari/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
bintang
/bintaŋ/
Mother
ibu
/ibu/
Father
ayah
/ajah/
I
saya
/saja/
You
awak
/awaʔ/
Name
nama
/nama/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
tangan
/taŋan/
Heart
hati
/hati/
Love
cinta
/tʃinta/
Tree
pokok
/pokoʔ/
House
rumah
/rumah/
Dog
anjing
/andʒiŋ/
Cat
kucing
/kutʃiŋ/
Eat
makan
/makan/
Drink
minum
/minum/
One
satu
/satu/
Two
dua
/dua/
Hello
hai
/hai/
Thank you
terima kasih
/tərima kasih/
Good
baik
/baiʔ/
Cuckoo
sewah
/ˈsewah/
Woof
gonggong
/ɡɔŋɡɔŋ/
Computer
komputer
/kɔmˈpu.tə(r)/
Sushi
susyi
/suʃi/
Dopamine
dopamin
/dopaˈmin/
At sign (@)
di
/di/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Malay | Indonesian | North Moluccan Malay | Musi | Ambon Malay | Old Malay | Minangkabau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | air /ˈa.ir/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | aer /aer/ | ayek /ajek/ | aer /aer/ | ayar /ajar/ | aia /aia/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ | matari /matari/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | mama /mama/ | mak /mak/ | mama /mama/ | ibu /ibu/ | amak /amaʔ/ |
| Father | ayah /ajah/ | ayah /ajah/ | papa /papa/ | bapak /bapak/ | papa /papa/ | bapa /bapa/ | abak /abaʔ/ |
| I | saya /saja/ | saya /saja/ | kita /kita/ | aku /aku/ | beta /beta/ | aku /aku/ | ambo /ambo/ |
| You | awak /awaʔ/ | kamu /kamu/ | ngana /ŋana/ | kau /kau/ | ose /ose/ | kamu /kamu/ | ang /aŋ/ |
| Name | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ |
| Hand | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Love | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinto /tʃinto/ |
| Tree | pokok /pokoʔ/ | pohon /pohon/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohon /pohon/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| House | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /ɾumah/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ |
| Cat | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ |
| Eat | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| One | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | siko /siko/ | satu /satu/ | sa /sa/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ |
| Hello | hai /hai/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | halo /halo/ | hela /hela/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | — /—/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ |
| Good | baik /baiʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ | bae /bae/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ |
| Cuckoo | sewah /ˈsewah/ | kangkok /ˈkaŋkɔʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Woof | gonggong /ɡɔŋɡɔŋ/ | guk guk /ɡuk ɡuk/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | komputer /kɔmˈpu.tə(r)/ | komputer /kɔmˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | susyi /suʃi/ | susyi /su.ʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Dopamine | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| At sign (@) | di /di/ | et /ɛt/ | — | — | — | — | — |
Word order compared
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