ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔
Old Tagalog
Austronesian (Central Philippine) · historical / hidden variety
Pre-Hispanic Tagalog was written in Baybayin (also called Alibata), a Brahmic-derived abugida used in Manila, Tondo, and surrounding regions before the Spanish arrival in 1565. The Doctrina Christiana (1593) is the earliest printed work in Baybayin. Modern Filipino/Tagalog largely continues the same vocabulary; the script gradually fell out of use during Spanish colonization in favor of Latin.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Old Tagalog
Water
ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔
/tubiɡ/
Fire
ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔
/apuj/
Sun
ᜀᜇᜏ᜔
/araw/
Moon
ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔
/buwan/
Star
ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔
/bituʔin/
Mother
ᜁᜈ
/ina/
Father
ᜀᜋ
/ama/
I
ᜀᜃᜓ
/ako/
You
ᜁᜃᜏ᜔
/ikaw/
Name
ᜅᜎᜈ᜔
/ŋalan/
Eye
ᜋᜆ
/mata/
Hand
ᜃᜋᜌ᜔
/kamaj/
Heart
ᜉᜓᜐᜓ
/puso/
Love
ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔
/ibiɡ/
Tree
ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔
/kahoj/
House
ᜊᜑᜌ᜔
/bahaj/
Dog
ᜀᜐᜓ
/aso/
Cat
ᜉᜓᜐ
/pusa/
Eat
ᜃᜁᜈ᜔
/kain/
Drink
ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔
/inom/
One
ᜁᜐ
/isa/
Two
ᜇᜎᜏ
/dalaˈwa/
Hello
ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔
/mabuhaj/
Thank you
ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔
/salamat/
Good
ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ
/mabuti/
Sushi
ᜊᜓᜇᜓ
/ˈbuɾo/
Sources
- Doctrina Christiana (1593) Manila — the first book printed in the Philippines, in Baybayin and Latin script
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Central Philippine) languages
| Meaning | Old Tagalog | Maranao | Tagalog | Cebuano | Iriga Bicolano | Tao/Yami | Tausug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ranom /ranom/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | apoy /apoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | apuy /apuj/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Sun | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | aldəw /aldəw/ | araw /araw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ |
| Moon | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bolan /bolan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulən /bulən/ | vehan /vehan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | bituin /bɪtuˈʔin/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bitóon /bituʔon/ | vituen /vituən/ | bituun /bituʔun/ |
| Mother | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | inahan /inahan/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ |
| Father | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | amahan /amahan/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ |
| I | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | ako /ako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | akó /ʔako/ | yaken /jakən/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | seka /sɵka/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikā /ʔika/ | imo /ʔimo/ | ikaw /ikaw/ |
| Name | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngan /ŋan/ |
| Eye | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamət /kamət/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ |
| Heart | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | puso /puso/ | paso /paso/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ |
| Love | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | lasa /lasa/ |
| Tree | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kayo /kajo/ | kahuy /kahuj/ |
| House | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | walay /walaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | balay /balaj/ | baləy /baləj/ | vahay /vahaj/ | bāy /baːj/ |
| Dog | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | aso /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | iro /iɾo/ | ayam /ajam/ | ino /ino/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ |
| Cat | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | koving /koviŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ |
| Eat | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaən /kaʔən/ | kuman /kuman/ | kaun /kaʔun/ |
| Drink | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | minom /minom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | inom /inom/ | inum /inum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| One | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /isa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | usa /usa/ | əsad /əsad/ | asa /asa/ | isa /isa/ |
| Two | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | dowa /dowa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | duha /duˈha/ | darwā /darwaː/ | doa /doa/ | duwa /duwa/ |
| Hello | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kapian /kapijan/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | akokay /akokaj/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | ayoy /ajoj/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ |
| Good | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | mapia /mapija/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | mapia /mapia/ | marayaw /marajaw/ |
| Sushi | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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