Na vosa vakaviti
Fijian
Austronesian
Fijian (Na Vosa Vakaviti) is an Eastern Fijian Austronesian language, co-official in Fiji (with English and Fiji Hindi) under the 2013 Constitution, with ~640K speakers across the ~330 islands of Fiji. Standard Fijian is based on the Bauan dialect (Bau Island, the historical political center). Linguistically distinctive for inclusive vs. exclusive 1st-person pronoun distinction (keimami "we excluding you" vs. eda "we including you"), trial number marking (in addition to singular, dual, and plural — 4-way contrast), elaborate possessive classifier system distinguishing edible / drinkable / familial / general possession, and a complex vocative-locative case system. Latin orthography developed by 1830s Methodist missionaries; uses digraphs for prenasalised stops (mb /ᵐb/, nd /ⁿd/, ng /ŋ/, q /ᵑɡ/) and macron for vowel length. The Methodist Fijian Bible (1864 NT, complete 1864) standardized the literary language. Strong oral tradition of meke (chanted dance-narrative) and bati (warrior epic) preserves traditional knowledge.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Fijian
Water
wai
/wai/
Fire
buka
/mbuka/
Sun
siga
/siŋa/
Moon
vula
/βula/
Mother
tina
/tina/
Father
tama
/tama/
Eat
kana
/kana/
Drink
gunu
/ŋunu/
Love
loloma
/loloma/
Heart
uto
/uto/
Tree
kau
/kau/
House
vale
/βale/
Dog
koli
/koli/
Cat
pusi
/pusi/
Hand
liga
/liŋa/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
bula
/mbula/
Thank you
vinaka
/βinaka/
One
dua
/ndua/
Good
vinaka
/βinaka/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Fijian | Niuean | Tokelauan | Tuvaluan | Hiri Motu | Tongan | Samoan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fire | buka /mbuka/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | lahi /lahi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sun | siga /siŋa/ | lā /laː/ | la /la/ | laa /laː/ | dina /dina/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | lā /laː/ |
| Moon | vula /βula/ | mahina /mahina/ | malama /malama/ | masina /masina/ | hua /hua/ | māhina /maːhina/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Mother | tina /tina/ | matua fifine /matua fifine/ | matua /matua/ | maatua /maːtua/ | sina /sina/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | tinā /tinaː/ |
| Father | tama /tama/ | matua taane /matua taːne/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | tama /tama/ | tamai /tamai/ | tamā /tamaː/ |
| Eat | kana /kana/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | ania /ania/ | kai /kai/ | ʻai /ʔai/ |
| Drink | gunu /ŋunu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inua /inua/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ |
| Love | loloma /loloma/ | fakaalofa /fakaalofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Heart | uto /uto/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | loto /loto/ | loto /loto/ |
| Tree | kau /kau/ | akau /akau/ | lakau /lakau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | au /au/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | laʻau /laʔau/ |
| House | vale /βale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ |
| Dog | koli /koli/ | kuli /kuli/ | kuli /kuli/ | kuli /kuli/ | sisia /sisia/ | kulī /kuliː/ | maile /maile/ |
| Cat | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Hand | liga /liŋa/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | imana /imana/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | bula /mbula/ | fakaalofa atu /fakaalofa atu/ | malo ni /malo ni/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | namona /namona/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | talofa /talofa/ |
| Thank you | vinaka /βinaka/ | fakaaue /fakaaue/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | mālō /maːloː/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ |
| One | dua /ndua/ | taha /taha/ | tahi /tahi/ | tasi /tasi/ | ta /ta/ | taha /taha/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Good | vinaka /βinaka/ | mitaki /mitaki/ | lelei /lelei/ | lei /lei/ | namo /namo/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
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