Hote
Austronesian
Hote is an Oceanic Austronesian language of the North Huon Gulf subgroup, spoken along the Huon Gulf coast in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Hote is part of the broader Western Oceanic continuum that includes Mapos Buang (bzh) and other PNG Oceanic languages. The Hote community lives in the immediate hinterland of Lae, PNG's second-largest city. Linguistically, Hote shows classical Western Oceanic features: 5-vowel system, simple consonant inventory, classifier-noun constructions, and SVO constituent order with verb-final tendencies in subordinate clauses. SIL Bible translation work since the 1980s has produced literacy materials and a partial New Testament.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Hote
Water
lua
/lua/
Fire
eve
/eve/
Sun
ari
/aɾi/
Moon
kalam
/kalam/
Star
puling
/puliŋ/
Mother
ne
/ne/
Father
ma
/ma/
I
yah
/jah/
You
oh
/ʔoh/
Name
aling
/aliŋ/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
mok
/mok/
Heart
mun
/mun/
Love
voŋ
/voŋ/
Tree
len
/len/
House
ya
/ja/
Dog
nyam
/ɲam/
Cat
pus
/pus/
Eat
gen
/ɡen/
Drink
nun
/nun/
One
lon
/lon/
Two
yu
/ju/
Hello
kaye
/kaje/
Thank you
fau
/fau/
Good
vovo
/vovo/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Hote | Mapos Buang | Thao | Toba Batak | Hiri Motu | Mussau-Emira | Bikol Central |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | lua /lua/ | vuur /vuːr/ | nanum /nanum/ | aek /aek/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | eai /eai/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | eve /eve/ | ehe /ehe/ | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | lahi /lahi/ | kuraa /kuˈraː/ | kalayo /kalajo/ |
| Sun | ari /aɾi/ | gum /ɡum/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | dina /dina/ | ariu /aɾiu/ | saldang /salˈdaŋ/ |
| Moon | kalam /kalam/ | mha /mha/ | furaz /fuɾað/ | bulan /bulan/ | hua /hua/ | malam /malam/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | puling /puliŋ/ | betuheng /betuheŋ/ | fitu'ish /fituʔiʃ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | katoto /katoto/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ |
| Mother | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | sina /sina/ | nia /nia/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Father | ma /ma/ | ma /ma/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| I | yah /jah/ | sa /sa/ | yaku /jaku/ | au /au/ | lau /lau/ | agi /aɡi/ | ako /ʔako/ |
| You | oh /ʔoh/ | honġ /hoŋ/ | ihu /ʔihu/ | ho /ho/ | oi /oi/ | io /io/ | ika /ʔika/ |
| Name | aling /aliŋ/ | arë /arə/ | tanan /tanan/ | goar /goar/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | arari /arari/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | maca /maθa/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | mok /mok/ | mok /mok/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | kamot /kamot/ |
| Heart | mun /mun/ | minga /miŋa/ | putul /putul/ | roha /roha/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | lalota /lalota/ | puso /puso/ |
| Love | voŋ /voŋ/ | vong /voŋ/ | suka /suka/ | holong /holoŋ/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | talimi /talimi/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ |
| Tree | len /len/ | leng /leŋ/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ | hau /hau/ | au /au/ | rikei /ɾikei/ | kahoy /kahoj/ |
| House | ya /ja/ | ya /ja/ | kayan /kajan/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ulemi /ulemi/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ |
| Dog | nyam /ɲam/ | nyam /ɲam/ | atu /atu/ | biang /biaŋ/ | sisia /sisia/ | kovur /kovuɾ/ | ayam /ajam/ |
| Cat | pus /pus/ | pus /pus/ | posi /posi/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusi /pusi/ | busi /busi/ | ikos /ikos/ |
| Eat | gen /ɡen/ | gen /ɡen/ | kuman /kuman/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ania /ania/ | anu /anu/ | kakanon /kakanon/ |
| Drink | nun /nun/ | nung /nuŋ/ | naqayan /naqajan/ | minum /minum/ | inua /inua/ | inum /inum/ | inumon /inumon/ |
| One | lon /lon/ | lon /lon/ | tata /tata/ | sada /sada/ | ta /ta/ | esa /esa/ | saro /saɾo/ |
| Two | yu /ju/ | luu /luː/ | tusha /tuʃa/ | dua /dua/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | duwa /duwa/ |
| Hello | kaye /kaje/ | miig /miːɡ/ | ya /ja/ | horas /horas/ | namona /namona/ | emua /emua/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | fau /fau/ | vog ehog /voɡ ehoɡ/ | mihu /mihu/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | poasi /poasi/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ |
| Good | vovo /vovo/ | vovo /vovo/ | kapah /kapah/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | namo /namo/ | rop /ɾop/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ |
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