Hote
Austronesian
Hote is an Oceanic Austronesian language of the North Huon Gulf subgroup, spoken along the Huon Gulf coast in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Hote is part of the broader Western Oceanic continuum that includes Mapos Buang (bzh) and other PNG Oceanic languages. The Hote community lives in the immediate hinterland of Lae, PNG's second-largest city. Linguistically, Hote shows classical Western Oceanic features: 5-vowel system, simple consonant inventory, classifier-noun constructions, and SVO constituent order with verb-final tendencies in subordinate clauses. SIL Bible translation work since the 1980s has produced literacy materials and a partial New Testament.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Hote
Water
lua
/lua/
Fire
eve
/eve/
Sun
ari
/aɾi/
Moon
kalam
/kalam/
Mother
ne
/ne/
Father
ma
/ma/
Eat
gen
/ɡen/
Drink
nun
/nun/
Love
voŋ
/voŋ/
Heart
mun
/mun/
Tree
len
/len/
House
ya
/ja/
Dog
nyam
/ɲam/
Cat
pus
/pus/
Hand
mok
/mok/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
kaye
/kaje/
Thank you
fau
/fau/
One
lon
/lon/
Good
vovo
/vovo/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Hote | Mapos Buang | Old Tagalog | Mussau-Emira | Iriga Bicolano | Bikol Central | Thao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | lua /lua/ | vuur /vuːr/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | eai /eai/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | nanum /nanum/ |
| Fire | eve /eve/ | ehe /ehe/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | kapok /kapok/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | azpu /azpu/ |
| Sun | ari /aɾi/ | gum /ɡum/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | ariu /aɾiu/ | aldəw /aldəw/ | aldaw /aldaw/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ |
| Moon | kalam /kalam/ | mha /mha/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | malam /malam/ | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | lhmiat /ʎmiat/ |
| Mother | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | nia /nia/ | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ina /ina/ |
| Father | ma /ma/ | ma /ma/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | ama /ama/ |
| Eat | gen /ɡen/ | gen /ɡen/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | anu /anu/ | kaən /kaʔən/ | kakanon /kakanon/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Drink | nun /nun/ | nung /nuŋ/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | inum /inum/ | inum /inum/ | inumon /inumon/ | naqayan /naqajan/ |
| Love | voŋ /voŋ/ | vong /voŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | talimi /talimi/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ | suka /suka/ |
| Heart | mun /mun/ | minga /miŋa/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | lalota /lalota/ | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ | putul /putul/ |
| Tree | len /len/ | leng /leŋ/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | rikei /ɾikei/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ |
| House | ya /ja/ | ya /ja/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | ulemi /ulemi/ | baləy /baləj/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ | kayan /kajan/ |
| Dog | nyam /ɲam/ | nyam /ɲam/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | kovur /kovuɾ/ | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | atu /atu/ |
| Cat | pus /pus/ | pus /pus/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | busi /busi/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | ikos /ikos/ | posi /posi/ |
| Hand | mok /mok/ | mok /mok/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamot/ | lima /lima/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | kaye /kaje/ | miig /miːɡ/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | emua /emua/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | ya /ja/ |
| Thank you | fau /fau/ | vog ehog /voɡ ehoɡ/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | poasi /poasi/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ | mihu /mihu/ |
| One | lon /lon/ | lon /lon/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | esa /esa/ | əsad /əsad/ | saro /saɾo/ | tata /tata/ |
| Good | vovo /vovo/ | vovo /vovo/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | rop /ɾop/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ | kapah /kapah/ |
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