Malagasy
Austronesian
Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, with ~25M speakers and the remarkable distinction of being a Western Austronesian language spoken 7,000 km from its nearest relatives. Linguistic and genetic evidence places its closest sister as Ma'anyan of southeastern Borneo, with Austronesian seafarers reaching Madagascar c. 350-550 CE — likely the longest single oceanic migration in human prehistory. The language has SVO order (typologically rare in Austronesian, where VOS is more common) with extensive Bantu, Arabic, and French loanword strata reflecting a millennium of Indian Ocean contact. Pre-Latin Sorabe (Arabic-derived) script preserved Antemoro scholarly tradition 16th-19th c.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Malagasy
Water
rano
/ɾanu/
Fire
afo
/afu/
Sun
masoandro
/masuandɾu/
Moon
volana
/vulana/
Star
kintana
/ˈkintana/
Mother
reny
/ɾeni/
Father
ray
/ɾaj/
I
aho
/ˈahu/
You
ianao
/iaˈnaw/
Name
anarana
/aˈnarana/
Eye
maso
/masu/
Hand
tanana
/tanana/
Heart
fo
/fu/
Love
fitiavana
/fitiavana/
Tree
hazo
/hazu/
House
trano
/tɾanu/
Dog
alika
/alika/
Cat
saka
/saka/
Eat
mihinana
/mihinana/
Drink
misotro
/misutɾu/
One
iray
/iɾaj/
Two
roa
/ˈrua/
Hello
manao ahoana
/manau ahuana/
Thank you
misaotra
/misautɾa/
Good
tsara
/tsaɾa/
Cuckoo
kankafotra
/kankaˈfutʂə/
Computer
solosaina
/suluˈsajna/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Malagasy | Tetum | Simalungun Batak | Ngaju | Motu | Toba Batak | Banjar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | rano /ɾanu/ | bee /beː/ | bah /bah/ | danum /danum/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | aek /aek/ | banyu /baɲu/ |
| Fire | afo /afu/ | ahi /ahi/ | apuy /apuj/ | apui /apui/ | lahi /lahi/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | masoandro /masuandɾu/ | loron /loɾon/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | dina /dina/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | volana /vulana/ | fulan /fulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | hua /hua/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | kintana /ˈkintana/ | fitun /ˈfitun/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | reny /ɾeni/ | inan /inan/ | inang /inaŋ/ | indu /indu/ | sinana /sinana/ | ina /ina/ | uma /uma/ |
| Father | ray /ɾaj/ | aman /aman/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | tamana /tamana/ | ama /ama/ | abah /abah/ |
| I | aho /ˈahu/ | ha'u /haʔu/ | ahu /ahu/ | aku /aku/ | lau /lau/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ianao /iaˈnaw/ | ó /ɔ/ | ho /ho/ | ikau /ikau/ | oi /oi/ | ho /ho/ | ikam /ikam/ |
| Name | anarana /aˈnarana/ | naran /ˈnaran/ | goran /goran/ | aran /aran/ | ladana /ladana/ | goar /goar/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Eye | maso /masu/ | matan /matan/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | tanana /tanana/ | liman /liman/ | tangan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | ima /ima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | fo /fu/ | fuan /fuan/ | uhur /uhur/ | atei /atei/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | roha /roha/ | ati /ati/ |
| Love | fitiavana /fitiavana/ | domin /domin/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sinta /sinta/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | hazo /hazu/ | ai /ai/ | hayu /haju/ | kayu /kaju/ | au /au/ | hau /hau/ | batang /bataŋ/ |
| House | trano /tɾanu/ | uma /uma/ | rumah /rumah/ | huma /huma/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | alika /alika/ | asu /asu/ | baliang /baliaŋ/ | asu /asu/ | sisia /sisia/ | biang /biaŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | saka /saka/ | busa /busa/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | posa /posa/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Eat | mihinana /mihinana/ | han /han/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kuman /kuman/ | aniani /aniani/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | misotro /misutɾu/ | hemu /hemu/ | minum /minum/ | mihop /mihop/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| One | iray /iɾaj/ | ida /ida/ | sada /sada/ | ije /ije/ | ta /ta/ | sada /sada/ | asa /asa/ |
| Two | roa /ˈrua/ | rua /ˈrua/ | dua /dua/ | due /ˈdue/ | rua /rua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Hello | manao ahoana /manau ahuana/ | bondia /bondia/ | horas /horas/ | tabea /tabea/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | misaotra /misautɾa/ | obrigadu /obɾiɡadu/ | diatebei /diatebei/ | sahindai /sahindai/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Good | tsara /tsaɾa/ | di'ak /diʔak/ | dear /dear/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | namo /namo/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Cuckoo | kankafotra /kankaˈfutʂə/ | — | — | — | — | — | bubut /ˈbubut/ |
| Computer | solosaina /suluˈsajna/ | komputadór /komputaˈdoɾ/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.