Malagasy
Austronesian
Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, with ~25M speakers and the remarkable distinction of being a Western Austronesian language spoken 7,000 km from its nearest relatives. Linguistic and genetic evidence places its closest sister as Ma'anyan of southeastern Borneo, with Austronesian seafarers reaching Madagascar c. 350-550 CE — likely the longest single oceanic migration in human prehistory. The language has SVO order (typologically rare in Austronesian, where VOS is more common) with extensive Bantu, Arabic, and French loanword strata reflecting a millennium of Indian Ocean contact. Pre-Latin Sorabe (Arabic-derived) script preserved Antemoro scholarly tradition 16th-19th c.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Malagasy
Water
rano
/ɾanu/
Fire
afo
/afu/
Sun
masoandro
/masuandɾu/
Moon
volana
/vulana/
Mother
reny
/ɾeni/
Father
ray
/ɾaj/
Eat
mihinana
/mihinana/
Drink
misotro
/misutɾu/
Love
fitiavana
/fitiavana/
Heart
fo
/fu/
Tree
hazo
/hazu/
House
trano
/tɾanu/
Dog
alika
/alika/
Cat
saka
/saka/
Hand
tanana
/tanana/
Eye
maso
/masu/
Hello
manao ahoana
/manau ahuana/
Thank you
misaotra
/misautɾa/
One
iray
/iɾaj/
Good
tsara
/tsaɾa/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Malagasy | Simalungun Batak | Motu | Toba Batak | Hiri Motu | Minangkabau | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | rano /ɾanu/ | bah /bah/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | aek /aek/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | aia /aia/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | afo /afu/ | apuy /apuj/ | lahi /lahi/ | api /api/ | lahi /lahi/ | api /api/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | masoandro /masuandɾu/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | dina /dina/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | dina /dina/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | volana /vulana/ | bulan /bulan/ | hua /hua/ | bulan /bulan/ | hua /hua/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Mother | reny /ɾeni/ | inang /inaŋ/ | sinana /sinana/ | ina /ina/ | sina /sina/ | amak /amaʔ/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | ray /ɾaj/ | bapa /bapa/ | tamana /tamana/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | abak /abaʔ/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| Eat | mihinana /mihinana/ | mangan /maŋan/ | aniani /aniani/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ania /ania/ | makan /makan/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | misotro /misutɾu/ | minum /minum/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | minum /minum/ | inua /inua/ | minum /minum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| Love | fitiavana /fitiavana/ | holong /holoŋ/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | holong /holoŋ/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | cinto /tʃinto/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Heart | fo /fu/ | uhur /uhur/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | roha /roha/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | ati /ati/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Tree | hazo /hazu/ | hayu /haju/ | au /au/ | hau /hau/ | au /au/ | kayu /kaju/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| House | trano /tɾanu/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | rumah /ɾumah/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Dog | alika /alika/ | baliang /baliaŋ/ | sisia /sisia/ | biang /biaŋ/ | sisia /sisia/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | saka /saka/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusi /pusi/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Hand | tanana /tanana/ | tangan /taŋan/ | imana /imana/ | tangan /taŋan/ | imana /imana/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Eye | maso /masu/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | matana /matana/ | mato /mato/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Hello | manao ahoana /manau ahuana/ | horas /horas/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | horas /horas/ | namona /namona/ | salam /salam/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | misaotra /misautɾa/ | diatebei /diatebei/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| One | iray /iɾaj/ | sada /sada/ | ta /ta/ | sada /sada/ | ta /ta/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Good | tsara /tsaɾa/ | dear /dear/ | namo /namo/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | namo /namo/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
Word order compared
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