Malagasy

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~25M ScriptLatin CountriesMadagascar Official inMadagascar Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mlg

Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, with ~25M speakers and the remarkable distinction of being a Western Austronesian language spoken 7,000 km from its nearest relatives. Linguistic and genetic evidence places its closest sister as Ma'anyan of southeastern Borneo, with Austronesian seafarers reaching Madagascar c. 350-550 CE — likely the longest single oceanic migration in human prehistory. The language has SVO order (typologically rare in Austronesian, where VOS is more common) with extensive Bantu, Arabic, and French loanword strata reflecting a millennium of Indian Ocean contact. Pre-Latin Sorabe (Arabic-derived) script preserved Antemoro scholarly tradition 16th-19th c.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Malagasy

Water

rano

/ɾanu/

Fire

afo

/afu/

Sun

masoandro

/masuandɾu/

Moon

volana

/vulana/

Mother

reny

/ɾeni/

Father

ray

/ɾaj/

Eat

mihinana

/mihinana/

Drink

misotro

/misutɾu/

Love

fitiavana

/fitiavana/

Heart

fo

/fu/

Tree

hazo

/hazu/

House

trano

/tɾanu/

Dog

alika

/alika/

Cat

saka

/saka/

Hand

tanana

/tanana/

Eye

maso

/masu/

Hello

manao ahoana

/manau ahuana/

Thank you

misaotra

/misautɾa/

One

iray

/iɾaj/

Good

tsara

/tsaɾa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian languages

Meaning MalagasySimalungun BatakMotuToba BatakHiri MotuMinangkabauOld Tagalog
Water rano /ɾanu/ bah /bah/ ranu /ɾanu/ aek /aek/ ranu /ɾanu/ aia /aia/ ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/
Fire afo /afu/ apuy /apuj/ lahi /lahi/ api /api/ lahi /lahi/ api /api/ ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/
Sun masoandro /masuandɾu/ mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ dina /dina/ mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ dina /dina/ matoari /matoaɾi/ ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/
Moon volana /vulana/ bulan /bulan/ hua /hua/ bulan /bulan/ hua /hua/ bulan /bulan/ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/
Mother reny /ɾeni/ inang /inaŋ/ sinana /sinana/ ina /ina/ sina /sina/ amak /amaʔ/ ᜁᜈ /ina/
Father ray /ɾaj/ bapa /bapa/ tamana /tamana/ ama /ama/ tama /tama/ abak /abaʔ/ ᜀᜋ /ama/
Eat mihinana /mihinana/ mangan /maŋan/ aniani /aniani/ mangan /maŋan/ ania /ania/ makan /makan/ ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/
Drink misotro /misutɾu/ minum /minum/ inuinu /inuinu/ minum /minum/ inua /inua/ minum /minum/ ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Malagasy
Te hitsapa ny akanjo izay hitako tao amin'ny fivarotana manandrify ny hotely aho
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela
Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kayatko a padasan ti suit a nakitak iti tiendaan sangbay ti hotel
Malagasy
Te hitsapa ny akanjo izay hitako tao amin'ny fivarotana manandrify ny hotely aho

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