Messapus
Kimesapi
Indo-European · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Messapic (Messapus, "Messapian") was the language of the Iapyges/Iapygians of southeastern Italy (the heel of the boot — Apulia, Calabria) from c. 6th century BCE until its extinction by ~1st century BCE through Roman Latinization. Genealogical classification is debated: some scholars classify Messapic as Italic alongside Latin, Oscan, Umbrian; others classify it as Illyrian (sister to languages of the eastern Adriatic coast, including Albanian); a minority view sees it as a separate Indo-European branch. About 600 inscriptions survive, mostly funerary and votive, allowing partial reconstruction of phonology and noun morphology but limited verb morphology and almost no syntax. Distinctive features include initial *p preserved as p (vs. Italic *p > p Italic but contrasting with Albanian ph), and a unique vocative case ending -e similar to Indo-Iranian.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kimesapi
Maji
—
/—/
Moto
—
/—/
Jua
—
/—/
Mwezi
—
/—/
Mama
—
/—/
Baba
ana
/ˈana/
Kula
—
/—/
Kunywa
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Moyo
—
/—/
Mti
—
/—/
Nyumba
—
/—/
Mbwa
—
/—/
Paka
—
/—/
Mkono
—
/—/
Jicho
—
/—/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Moja
—
/—/
Nzuri
—
/—/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kimesapi | Lugha ya Ishara ya Nikaragua | Kitartessian | Kiliburnia | Proto-Kijaponi-Kikorea | Kigoguryeo | Kidamin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | 買 /*mai/ | — /—/ |
| Moto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | l!ii /lǃiː/ |
| Jua | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mama | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | *əma /əma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Baba | ana /ˈana/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | *əpa /əpa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyumba | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jicho | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.