Gagana Sāmoa

Samoan

Austronesian (Polynesian)

FamilyAustronesian (Polynesian) Speakers~510,000 ScriptLatin CountriesSamoa, American Samoa Official inSamoa Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3smo

Samoan (Gagana faʻa Sāmoa) is a Nuclear Polynesian language, co-official in the Independent State of Samoa (alongside English) and in American Samoa (alongside English), with ~510K speakers — including significant diaspora communities in New Zealand (~100K), Australia (~75K), USA (~200K mostly California/Hawaii/Washington), and Aotearoa's Pacific community. It features a remarkable register diglossia called "T-style" (formal, used in writing, religion, oratory) vs. "K-style" (everyday speech) — same morphology but differing key consonants (T-style /t n/ become K-style /k ŋ/). The faʻalupega (formal greetings) and lāuga (oratorical performance) of village matai (chiefs) are central to faʻa Sāmoa (the Samoan way of life). Latin orthography developed by 1830s LMS missionaries (Aaron Buzacott, John Williams). Verb-initial VSO with ergative-absolutive case marking. The Samoan Bible (1855) was one of the first Polynesian Bible translations.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Samoan

Water

vai

/vai/

Fire

afi

/afi/

Sun

/laː/

Moon

māsina

/maːsina/

Mother

tinā

/tinaː/

Father

tamā

/tamaː/

Eat

ʻai

/ʔai/

Drink

inu

/inu/

Love

alofa

/alofa/

Heart

loto

/loto/

Tree

laʻau

/laʔau/

House

fale

/fale/

Dog

maile

/maile/

Cat

pusi

/pusi/

Hand

lima

/lima/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hello

talofa

/talofa/

Thank you

faʻafetai

/faʔafetai/

One

tasi

/tasi/

Good

lelei

/lelei/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Polynesian) languages

Meaning SamoanTuvaluanTokelauanTonganNiueanCook Islands MāoriPukapukan
Water vai /vai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ wai /wai/
Fire afi /afi/ afi /afi/ afi /afi/ afi /afi/ afi /afi/ ahi /ahi/ yayi /ˈjaji/
Sun /laː/ laa /laː/ la /la/ laʻā /laʔaː/ /laː/ /raː/ la /la/
Moon māsina /maːsina/ masina /masina/ malama /malama/ māhina /maːhina/ mahina /mahina/ marama /marama/ malama /maˈlama/
Mother tinā /tinaː/ maatua /maːtua/ matua /matua/ faʻē /faʔeː/ matua fifine /matua fifine/ māmā /maːmaː/ mama /ˈmama/
Father tamā /tamaː/ tamana /tamana/ tamana /tamana/ tamai /tamai/ matua taane /matua taːne/ pāpā /paːpaː/ matua /maˈtua/
Eat ʻai /ʔai/ kai /kai/ kai /kai/ kai /kai/ kai /kai/ kai /kai/ kai /kai/
Drink inu /inu/ inu /inu/ inu /inu/ inu /inu/ inu /inu/ inu /inu/ inu /ˈinu/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Samoan
Ou te manaʻo e faʻataʻitaʻi se ofutino na ou vaʻaia i se faleoloa i luma o le faletalimalo
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kei te hiahia au ki te whakamātau i tētahi hūtu i kitea i tētahi toa i mua i te hōtēra
Samoan
Ou te manaʻo e faʻataʻitaʻi se ofutino na ou vaʻaia i se faleoloa i luma o le faletalimalo
Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.