Gagana Sāmoa
Samoan
Austronesian (Polynesian)
Samoan (Gagana faʻa Sāmoa) is a Nuclear Polynesian language, co-official in the Independent State of Samoa (alongside English) and in American Samoa (alongside English), with ~510K speakers — including significant diaspora communities in New Zealand (~100K), Australia (~75K), USA (~200K mostly California/Hawaii/Washington), and Aotearoa's Pacific community. It features a remarkable register diglossia called "T-style" (formal, used in writing, religion, oratory) vs. "K-style" (everyday speech) — same morphology but differing key consonants (T-style /t n/ become K-style /k ŋ/). The faʻalupega (formal greetings) and lāuga (oratorical performance) of village matai (chiefs) are central to faʻa Sāmoa (the Samoan way of life). Latin orthography developed by 1830s LMS missionaries (Aaron Buzacott, John Williams). Verb-initial VSO with ergative-absolutive case marking. The Samoan Bible (1855) was one of the first Polynesian Bible translations.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Samoan
Water
vai
/vai/
Fire
afi
/afi/
Sun
lā
/laː/
Moon
māsina
/maːsina/
Mother
tinā
/tinaː/
Father
tamā
/tamaː/
Eat
ʻai
/ʔai/
Drink
inu
/inu/
Love
alofa
/alofa/
Heart
loto
/loto/
Tree
laʻau
/laʔau/
House
fale
/fale/
Dog
maile
/maile/
Cat
pusi
/pusi/
Hand
lima
/lima/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
talofa
/talofa/
Thank you
faʻafetai
/faʔafetai/
One
tasi
/tasi/
Good
lelei
/lelei/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Polynesian) languages
| Meaning | Samoan | Tuvaluan | Tokelauan | Tongan | Niuean | Cook Islands Māori | Pukapukan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | wai /wai/ |
| Fire | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | ahi /ahi/ | yayi /ˈjaji/ |
| Sun | lā /laː/ | laa /laː/ | la /la/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | lā /laː/ | rā /raː/ | la /la/ |
| Moon | māsina /maːsina/ | masina /masina/ | malama /malama/ | māhina /maːhina/ | mahina /mahina/ | marama /marama/ | malama /maˈlama/ |
| Mother | tinā /tinaː/ | maatua /maːtua/ | matua /matua/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | matua fifine /matua fifine/ | māmā /maːmaː/ | mama /ˈmama/ |
| Father | tamā /tamaː/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamai /tamai/ | matua taane /matua taːne/ | pāpā /paːpaː/ | matua /maˈtua/ |
| Eat | ʻai /ʔai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ |
| Drink | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /ˈinu/ |
| Love | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | fakaalofa /fakaalofa/ | aro'a /aɾoʔa/ | aloha /aˈloha/ |
| Heart | loto /loto/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | loto /loto/ | fatu /fatu/ | ngākau /ŋaːkau/ | loto /ˈloto/ |
| Tree | laʻau /laʔau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | lakau /lakau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | akau /akau/ | rākau /raːkau/ | lākau /laːˈkau/ |
| House | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | 'are /ʔaɾe/ | wale /ˈwale/ |
| Dog | maile /maile/ | kuli /kuli/ | kuli /kuli/ | kulī /kuliː/ | kuli /kuli/ | kurī /kuɾiː/ | kulī /kuˈliː/ |
| Cat | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | ngiao /ŋiao/ | pusi /ˈpusi/ |
| Hand | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /ɾima/ | lima /ˈlima/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /ˈmata/ |
| Hello | talofa /talofa/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | malo ni /malo ni/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | fakaalofa atu /fakaalofa atu/ | kia orāna /kia oɾaːna/ | kia orana /kia oˈɾana/ |
| Thank you | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | mālō /maːloː/ | fakaaue /fakaaue/ | meitaki /meitaki/ | meitaki /meiˈtaki/ |
| One | tasi /tasi/ | tasi /tasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | taha /taha/ | taha /taha/ | ta'i /taʔi/ | tayi /ˈtaji/ |
| Good | lelei /lelei/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ | mitaki /mitaki/ | meitaki /meitaki/ | lelei /leˈlei/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
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