Thaw a tnaw
Kithao
Austronesian
Thao (Sao, autonymously Thaw a tnaw "the Thao language") is one of the most critically endangered Austronesian languages, with only ~5 fluent native speakers remaining among ~600 ethnic Thao. The Thao are concentrated at Sun Moon Lake (also known as Lake Candidius) in central Taiwan, where they are the original inhabitants. Linguistically, Thao is the only surviving Western Plains Formosan language — sister to several extinct Plains Formosan languages of the Taiwanese west coast (Hoanya, Babuza, Papora, etc.) that died out during 17th-19th century Han Chinese settlement. Thao's linguistic isolation makes it especially valuable for Austronesian historical reconstruction. Recognized as Taiwan's 10th official aboriginal nation in 2001 after extensive community advocacy.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kithao
Maji
nanum
/nanum/
Moto
azpu
/azpu/
Jua
fitulha
/fituʎa/
Mwezi
lhmiat
/ʎmiat/
Mama
ina
/ina/
Baba
ama
/ama/
Kula
kuman
/kuman/
Kunywa
naqayan
/naqajan/
Upendo
suka
/suka/
Moyo
putul
/putul/
Mti
lhalum
/ʎalum/
Nyumba
kayan
/kajan/
Mbwa
atu
/atu/
Paka
posi
/posi/
Mkono
lima
/lima/
Jicho
mata
/mata/
Habari
ya
/ja/
Asante
mihu
/mihu/
Moja
tata
/tata/
Nzuri
kapah
/kapah/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austronesian zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kithao | Kisakizaya | Kiamis | Kibunun | Kitao (Yami) | Kipaiwan | Kingaju |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | nanum /nanum/ | nanum /nanum/ | nanom /nanom/ | danum /danum/ | ranom /ranom/ | zaljum /zaɭum/ | danum /danum/ |
| Moto | azpu /azpu/ | lamal /lamal/ | namal /namal/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | apuy /apuj/ | sapuy /sapui/ | apui /apui/ |
| Jua | fitulha /fituʎa/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | cidal /tsiðal/ | vali /vali/ | araw /araw/ | qadaw /qadaw/ | matanandau /matanandau/ |
| Mwezi | lhmiat /ʎmiat/ | ʔulalalalal /ʔulalal/ | folad /folað/ | buan /buan/ | vehan /vehan/ | qiljas /qiɭas/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ina/ | kina /kina/ | indu /indu/ |
| Baba | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ | kama /kama/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Kula | kuman /kuman/ | hekal /hekal/ | komaen /komaen/ | maun /maun/ | kuman /kuman/ | keman /kəman/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Kunywa | naqayan /naqajan/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | minom /minom/ | muqun /muqun/ | minum /minum/ | temekel /təməkəl/ | mihop /mihop/ |
| Upendo | suka /suka/ | kapah /kapah/ | maolah /maolah/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | nasaqaqa /nasaqaqa/ | sinta /sinta/ |
| Moyo | putul /putul/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | faloko' /falokoʔ/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | paso /paso/ | varung /vaɾuŋ/ | atei /atei/ |
| Mti | lhalum /ʎalum/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kahu /kahu/ | kayo /kajo/ | kasiw /kasiw/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Nyumba | kayan /kajan/ | luma /luma/ | loma' /lomaʔ/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | vahay /vahaj/ | umaq /umaq/ | huma /huma/ |
| Mbwa | atu /atu/ | waco /watʃo/ | wacu /watsu/ | asu /asu/ | ino /ino/ | vatu /vatu/ | asu /asu/ |
| Paka | posi /posi/ | posi /posi/ | posi /posi/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | koving /koviŋ/ | ngiaw /ŋiaw/ | posa /posa/ |
| Mkono | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamai/ | kamay /kamaj/ | ima /ima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | lengen /ləŋən/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | maca /matsa/ | mate /mate/ |
| Habari | ya /ja/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | nga'ay ho /ŋaʔaj ho/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | akokay /akokaj/ | masalu /masalu/ | tabea /tabea/ |
| Asante | mihu /mihu/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | aray /araj/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | ayoy /ajoj/ | masalu /masalu/ | sahindai /sahindai/ |
| Moja | tata /tata/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | cecay /tsetsaj/ | tasa /tasa/ | asa /asa/ | ita /ita/ | ije /ije/ |
| Nzuri | kapah /kapah/ | kapah /kapah/ | kapah /kapah/ | masial /masial/ | mapia /mapia/ | nguanguaq /ŋuaŋuaq/ | bahalap /bahalap/ |
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