ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ
Sundanese
Austronesian
Sundanese is spoken in western Java by ~42 million people. Like Javanese, it features distinct speech levels reflecting social relationships (lemes/halus refined, sedeng intermediate, kasar familiar). Two scripts are in use: Latin (everyday) and the revived Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, Unicode 2008), used officially in West Java since 2003.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Sundanese
Water
cai
/tʃai/
Fire
seuneu
/sɯnɯ/
Sun
panonpoé
/panɔnpɔe/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Mother
indung
/induŋ/
Father
bapa
/bapa/
Eat
dahar
/dahar/
Drink
nginum
/ŋinum/
Love
bogoh
/bɔɡɔh/
Heart
haté
/hate/
Tree
tangkal
/taŋkal/
House
imah
/imah/
Dog
anjing
/andʒiŋ/
Cat
ucing
/utʃiŋ/
Hand
leungeun
/lɯŋɯn/
Eye
panon
/panɔn/
Hello
sampurasun
/sampurasun/
Thank you
hatur nuhun
/hatur nuhun/
One
hiji
/hidʒi/
Good
hadé
/hade/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Sundanese | Old Sundanese | Old Malay | Javanese | Musi | Lampung | Indonesian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | cai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | ayar /ajar/ | banyu /banju/ | ayek /ajek/ | way /waj/ | air /ˈa.ir/ |
| Fire | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | api /api/ | geni /ɡəni/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ | poé /poe/ | matari /matari/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | matahari /matahari/ | matarani /matarani/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mother | indung /induŋ/ | indung /induŋ/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | mak /mak/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapak /bapak/ | kemamang /kemamaŋ/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| Eat | dahar /dahar/ | dahar /dahar/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | nganik /ŋanik/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Love | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresna /trɛsna/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | gawoh /ɡawoh/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Heart | haté /hate/ | hate /hate/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Tree | tangkal /taŋkal/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ | kayu /kaju/ | wit /wit/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ | pohon /pohon/ |
| House | imah /imah/ | imah /imah/ | rumah /rumah/ | omah /omah/ | rumah /rumah/ | lamban /lamban/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Hand | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pungow /puŋow/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Eye | panon /panɔn/ | panon /panon/ | mata /mata/ | mripat /mripat/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | sampurasun /sampurasun/ | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | — /—/ | halo /halo/ | halo /halo/ | tabik /tabik/ | halo /ˈhalo/ |
| Thank you | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ | nuhun /nuhun/ | — /—/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| One | hiji /hidʒi/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | sa /sa/ | siji /sidʒi/ | siko /siko/ | sai /sai/ | satu /satu/ |
| Good | hadé /hade/ | hade /hade/ | baik /baik/ | apik /apik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | hayep /hajep/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
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