ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ
Sundanese
Austronesian
Sundanese is spoken in western Java by ~42 million people. Like Javanese, it features distinct speech levels reflecting social relationships (lemes/halus refined, sedeng intermediate, kasar familiar). Two scripts are in use: Latin (everyday) and the revived Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, Unicode 2008), used officially in West Java since 2003.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Sundanese
Water
cai
/tʃai/
Fire
seuneu
/sɯnɯ/
Sun
panonpoé
/panɔnpɔe/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
béntang
/bentaŋ/
Mother
indung
/induŋ/
Father
bapa
/bapa/
I
kuring
/kuriŋ/
You
manéh
/maneh/
Name
ngaran
/ŋaran/
Eye
panon
/panɔn/
Hand
leungeun
/lɯŋɯn/
Heart
haté
/hate/
Love
bogoh
/bɔɡɔh/
Tree
tangkal
/taŋkal/
House
imah
/imah/
Dog
anjing
/andʒiŋ/
Cat
ucing
/utʃiŋ/
Eat
dahar
/dahar/
Drink
nginum
/ŋinum/
One
hiji
/hidʒi/
Two
dua
/duwa/
Hello
sampurasun
/sampurasun/
Thank you
hatur nuhun
/hatur nuhun/
Good
hadé
/hade/
Cuckoo
manuk uncuing
/manʊk uɲˈtʃuiŋ/
Woof
gogog
/ˈɡɔɡɔɡ/
Computer
komputer
/komˈputər/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Dopamine
dopamin
/dopaˈmin/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | Sundanese | Old Sundanese | Musi | Old Malay | Lampung | Javanese | Banjar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | cai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | ayek /ajek/ | ayar /ajar/ | way /waj/ | banyu /baɲu/ | banyu /baɲu/ |
| Fire | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | geni /ɡəni/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ | poé /poe/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matarani /matarani/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | béntang /bentaŋ/ | béntang /bentaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | lintang /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | indung /induŋ/ | indung /induŋ/ | mak /mak/ | ibu /ibu/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ |
| Father | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapa /bapa/ | bak /baʔ/ | bapak /bapak/ | abah /abah/ |
| I | kuring /kuriŋ/ | aing /aiŋ/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | nyak /ɲaʔ/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | manéh /maneh/ | sia /sia/ | kau /kau/ | kamu /kamu/ | niku /niku/ | kowe /kowe/ | ikam /ikam/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | gelagh /ɡəlaʁ/ | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Eye | panon /panɔn/ | panon /panon/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mripat /mripat/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pungow /puŋow/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | haté /hate/ | hate /hate/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Love | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | tresna /trɛsna/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | tangkal /taŋkal/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ | wit /wit/ | batang /bataŋ/ |
| House | imah /imah/ | imah /imah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | lamban /lamban/ | omah /omah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Eat | dahar /dahar/ | dahar /dahar/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | nganik /ŋanik/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| One | hiji /hidʒi/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | siko /siko/ | sa /sa/ | sai /sai/ | siji /sidʒi/ | asa /asa/ |
| Two | dua /duwa/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | rua /ruwa/ | loro /loro/ | dua /dua/ |
| Hello | sampurasun /sampurasun/ | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | halo /halo/ | — /—/ | tabik /tabik/ | halo /halo/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ | nuhun /nuhun/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Good | hadé /hade/ | hade /hade/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | hayep /hajep/ | apik /apik/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Cuckoo | manuk uncuing /manʊk uɲˈtʃuiŋ/ | — | — | — | — | kedhasih /kəˈɖasih/ | bubut /ˈbubut/ |
| Woof | gogog /ˈɡɔɡɔɡ/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | tarasi /tarasi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Dopamine | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | — | — | — | — | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | — |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
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