basa Sunda buhun

Old Sundanese

Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAustronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) SpeakersExtinct as L1 ScriptOld Sundanese script (Brahmi-derived, distinct from Old Javanese Kawi) CountriesSunda kingdoms (Pajajaran 1042-1579, modern West Java) Official inSunda Pajajaran kingdom Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3osn

Old Sundanese is the literary Austronesian language of the Sunda kingdoms of West Java (notably Pajajaran, 1042-1579 CE), distinct from Old Javanese (Kawi) of central and eastern Java. Attested in stone inscriptions and palm-leaf (lontar) manuscripts including the Carita Parahyangan (~16th c., a Sundanese chronicle), the Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (1518) and the Bujangga Manik travelogue. Used the Old Sundanese script (a distinct Brahmi-derived abugida, not the Javanese Hanacaraka). After the fall of Pajajaran in 1579 to Banten Sultanate Islamic forces, Old Sundanese gradually gave way to Modern Sundanese (su) and the Javanese-style Hanacaraka and Pegon Arabic scripts.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Old Sundanese

Water

cai

/tʃai/

Fire

seuneu

/sɯnɯ/

Sun

poé

/poe/

Moon

bulan

/bulan/

Star

béntang

/bentaŋ/

Mother

indung

/induŋ/

Father

bapa

/bapa/

I

aing

/aiŋ/

You

sia

/sia/

Name

ngaran

/ŋaran/

Eye

panon

/panon/

Hand

leungeun

/lɯŋɯn/

Heart

hate

/hate/

Love

nyaah

/ɲaːh/

Tree

tangkal

/taŋkal/

House

imah

/imah/

Dog

anjing

/andʒiŋ/

Cat

ucing

/utʃiŋ/

Eat

dahar

/dahar/

Drink

nginum

/ŋinum/

One

hiji

/hidʒi/

Two

dua

/dua/

Hello

wilujeng

/wiludʒəŋ/

Thank you

nuhun

/nuhun/

Good

hade

/hade/

Sushi

tarasi

/tarasi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) languages

Meaning Old SundaneseSundaneseOld MalayBanjarMusiMalayOld Javanese (Kawi)
Water cai /tʃai/ cai /tʃai/ ayar /ajar/ banyu /baɲu/ ayek /ajek/ air /ˈa.ir/ ꦮꦫꦶꦃ /warih/
Fire seuneu /sɯnɯ/ seuneu /sɯnɯ/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ /aɡni/
Sun poé /poe/ panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ matari /matari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ ꦱꦸꦂꦪ /suɾja/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ /tʃandra/
Star béntang /bentaŋ/ béntang /bentaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ /lintaŋ/
Mother indung /induŋ/ indung /induŋ/ ibu /ibu/ uma /uma/ mak /mak/ ibu /ibu/ ꦆꦧꦸ /ibu/
Father bapa /bapa/ bapa /bapa/ bapa /bapa/ abah /abah/ bapak /bapak/ ayah /ajah/ ꦫꦩ /rama/
I aing /aiŋ/ kuring /kuriŋ/ aku /aku/ aku /aku/ aku /aku/ saya /saja/ ꦄꦏꦸ /aku/
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