Bahasa Pasar Ternate
North Moluccan Malay
Austronesian
North Moluccan Malay (autonymously Bahasa Pasar Ternate, "the market language of Ternate") is a Malay-based contact variety of the Maluku archipelago, spoken as L1 by around 700,000 people and as L2 by approximately 1 million in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku. The language descends from the trade Malay used by Maluku spice traders and the Sultanate of Ternate (one of four major Maluku spice sultanates with Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo) since at least the 14th century. The Sultanate of Ternate was a major regional power in the 16th century during the European spice trade, and its influence ensured Malay became the regional lingua franca, gradually replacing the indigenous Papuan-related Halmaheran languages (West Papuan family) and Austronesian Sahu-related languages. Today, North Moluccan Malay is the dominant lingua franca of all North Maluku, with active intergenerational transmission and a vibrant urban speech community.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in North Moluccan Malay
Water
aer
/aer/
Fire
api
/api/
Sun
matahari
/matahari/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Star
bintang
/bintaŋ/
Mother
mama
/mama/
Father
papa
/papa/
I
kita
/kita/
You
ngana
/ŋana/
Name
nama
/nama/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hand
tangang
/taŋaŋ/
Heart
hati
/hati/
Love
cinta
/tʃinta/
Tree
pohong
/pohoŋ/
House
ruma
/ruma/
Dog
anjing
/andʒiŋ/
Cat
ikung
/ikuŋ/
Eat
makang
/makaŋ/
Drink
minong
/minoŋ/
One
satu
/satu/
Two
dua
/dua/
Hello
cerang
/tʃeraŋ/
Thank you
tarima kase
/tarima kase/
Good
bae
/bae/
Computer
komputer
/komˈputər/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian languages
| Meaning | North Moluccan Malay | Ambon Malay | Indonesian | Malay | Musi | Papuan Malay | Banjar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aer /aer/ | aer /aer/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | air /ˈa.ir/ | ayek /ajek/ | air /aer/ | banyu /baɲu/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /ˈapi/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | matahari /matahari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /mataˈhari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /ˈbulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | mak /mak/ | mama /ˈmama/ | uma /uma/ |
| Father | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | ayah /ajah/ | ayah /ajah/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapa /ˈbapa/ | abah /abah/ |
| I | kita /kita/ | beta /beta/ | saya /saja/ | saya /saja/ | aku /aku/ | sa /sa/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ngana /ŋana/ | ose /ose/ | kamu /kamu/ | awak /awaʔ/ | kau /kau/ | ko /ko/ | ikam /ikam/ |
| Name | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /ˈtaŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /ˈhati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Love | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /ˈsajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pohon /pohon/ | pohon /pohon/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohon /ˈpohon/ | batang /bataŋ/ |
| House | ruma /ruma/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /ˈrumah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /ˈandʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /ˈkutʃiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Eat | makang /makaŋ/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /ˈmakan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | minong /minoŋ/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /ˈminum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| One | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | siko /siko/ | satu /ˈsatu/ | asa /asa/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Hello | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | hela /hela/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | hai /hai/ | halo /halo/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | terima kasih /təˈrima ˈkasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Good | bae /bae/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baiʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bae /ˈbae/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈpu.tə(r)/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputer/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | susyi /su.ʃi/ | susyi /suʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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