Bahasa Pasar Ternate

North Moluccan Malay

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~700K L1 + ~1M L2 ScriptLatin CountriesIndonesia Official inNo (Indonesian is the sole official language; North Moluccan Malay is the regional lingua franca) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3max

North Moluccan Malay (autonymously Bahasa Pasar Ternate, "the market language of Ternate") is a Malay-based contact variety of the Maluku archipelago, spoken as L1 by around 700,000 people and as L2 by approximately 1 million in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku. The language descends from the trade Malay used by Maluku spice traders and the Sultanate of Ternate (one of four major Maluku spice sultanates with Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo) since at least the 14th century. The Sultanate of Ternate was a major regional power in the 16th century during the European spice trade, and its influence ensured Malay became the regional lingua franca, gradually replacing the indigenous Papuan-related Halmaheran languages (West Papuan family) and Austronesian Sahu-related languages. Today, North Moluccan Malay is the dominant lingua franca of all North Maluku, with active intergenerational transmission and a vibrant urban speech community.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in North Moluccan Malay

Water

aer

/aer/

Fire

api

/api/

Sun

matahari

/matahari/

Moon

bulan

/bulan/

Star

bintang

/bintaŋ/

Mother

mama

/mama/

Father

papa

/papa/

I

kita

/kita/

You

ngana

/ŋana/

Name

nama

/nama/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hand

tangang

/taŋaŋ/

Heart

hati

/hati/

Love

cinta

/tʃinta/

Tree

pohong

/pohoŋ/

House

ruma

/ruma/

Dog

anjing

/andʒiŋ/

Cat

ikung

/ikuŋ/

Eat

makang

/makaŋ/

Drink

minong

/minoŋ/

One

satu

/satu/

Two

dua

/dua/

Hello

cerang

/tʃeraŋ/

Thank you

tarima kase

/tarima kase/

Good

bae

/bae/

Computer

komputer

/komˈputər/

Sushi

sushi

/ˈsuʃi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian languages

Meaning North Moluccan MalayAmbon MalayIndonesianMalayMusiPapuan MalayBanjar
Water aer /aer/ aer /aer/ air /ˈa.ir/ air /ˈa.ir/ ayek /ajek/ air /aer/ banyu /baɲu/
Fire api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /ˈapi/ api /api/
Sun matahari /matahari/ mata hari /mata hari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /mataˈhari/ matahari /matahari/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /ˈbulan/ bulan /bulan/
Star bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/
Mother mama /mama/ mama /mama/ ibu /ibu/ ibu /ibu/ mak /mak/ mama /ˈmama/ uma /uma/
Father papa /papa/ papa /papa/ ayah /ajah/ ayah /ajah/ bapak /bapak/ bapa /ˈbapa/ abah /abah/
I kita /kita/ beta /beta/ saya /saja/ saya /saja/ aku /aku/ sa /sa/ aku /aku/
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