Bahasa Pasar Ternate

North Moluccan Malay

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~700K L1 + ~1M L2 ScriptLatin CountriesIndonesia Official inIndonesia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3max

North Moluccan Malay (autonymously Bahasa Pasar Ternate, "the market language of Ternate") is a Malay-based contact variety of the Maluku archipelago, spoken as L1 by around 700,000 people and as L2 by approximately 1 million in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku. The language descends from the trade Malay used by Maluku spice traders and the Sultanate of Ternate (one of four major Maluku spice sultanates with Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo) since at least the 14th century. The Sultanate of Ternate was a major regional power in the 16th century during the European spice trade, and its influence ensured Malay became the regional lingua franca, gradually replacing the indigenous Papuan-related Halmaheran languages (West Papuan family) and Austronesian Sahu-related languages. Today, North Moluccan Malay is the dominant lingua franca of all North Maluku, with active intergenerational transmission and a vibrant urban speech community.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in North Moluccan Malay

Water

aer

/aer/

Fire

api

/api/

Sun

matahari

/matahari/

Moon

bulan

/bulan/

Mother

mama

/mama/

Father

papa

/papa/

Eat

makang

/makaŋ/

Drink

minong

/minoŋ/

Love

cinta

/tʃinta/

Heart

hati

/hati/

Tree

pohong

/pohoŋ/

House

ruma

/ruma/

Dog

anjing

/andʒiŋ/

Cat

ikung

/ikuŋ/

Hand

tangang

/taŋaŋ/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hello

cerang

/tʃeraŋ/

Thank you

tarima kase

/tarima kase/

One

satu

/satu/

Good

bae

/bae/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian languages

Meaning North Moluccan MalayAmbon MalayIndonesianMalayMusiBanjarPatani Malay
Water aer /aer/ aer /aer/ air /ˈa.ir/ air /ˈa.ir/ ayek /ajek/ banyu /baɲu/ ayé /ajeʔ/
Fire api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun matahari /matahari/ mata hari /mata hari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matari /mataʁe/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulé /buleʔ/
Mother mama /mama/ mama /mama/ ibu /ibu/ ibu /ibu/ mak /mak/ uma /uma/ emak /əmaʔ/
Father papa /papa/ papa /papa/ ayah /ajah/ ayah /ajah/ bapak /bapak/ abah /abah/ aboh /aboh/
Eat makang /makaŋ/ makang /makaŋ/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/ makae /makajɛ/
Drink minong /minoŋ/ minong /minoŋ/ minum /minum/ minum /minum/ minum /minum/ nginum /ŋinum/ minon /minon/
Page 1/3

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.