Pinuyumayan
Kipuyuma
Austronesian
Puyuma (Pinuyumayan) is one of the smallest and most divergent of the Formosan Austronesian languages, the primary branch of Austronesian within the indigenous languages of Taiwan. Puyumic stands separately from other Formosan branches (Atayalic, Tsouic, Paiwanic, Rukaic, etc.), making Puyuma significant for Austronesian historical linguistics — it preserves features lost elsewhere. Spoken by ~3,000 Puyuma people in eight villages of the Beinan area near Taitung in southeast Taiwan. Cultural traditions include the Mangmahut hunting ritual and the Mangayaw plain-dwelling community structure, which is matrilineal — distinctive among Taiwanese aboriginal groups (most are patrilineal).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kipuyuma
Maji
enay
/enai/
Moto
apuy
/apui/
Jua
kadaw
/kadaw/
Mwezi
kuwalan
/kuwalan/
Mama
ina
/ina/
Baba
ama
/ama/
Kula
kuman
/kuman/
Kunywa
enpa
/enpa/
Upendo
ulaw
/ulaw/
Moyo
kalumetan
/kalumetan/
Mti
kawi
/kawi/
Nyumba
ruma
/ɾuma/
Mbwa
suwan
/suwan/
Paka
kating
/katiŋ/
Mkono
lima
/lima/
Jicho
mata
/mata/
Habari
marayas
/maɾajas/
Asante
kasapakan
/kasapakan/
Moja
sa
/sa/
Nzuri
mauruway
/mauɾuwai/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Austronesian zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kipuyuma | Kitao (Yami) | Kitagalog cha Kale | Kipaiwan | Kitausug | Kimaranao | Mandar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | enay /enai/ | ranom /ranom/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | zaljum /zaɭum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ | uai /uai/ |
| Moto | apuy /apui/ | apuy /apuj/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | sapuy /sapui/ | kayu /kaju/ | apoy /apoj/ | api /api/ |
| Jua | kadaw /kadaw/ | araw /araw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | qadaw /qadaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | mata allo /mata alːo/ |
| Mwezi | kuwalan /kuwalan/ | vehan /vehan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | qiljas /qiɭas/ | bulan /bulan/ | bolan /bolan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | kina /kina/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | ina /ina/ | indo /indo/ |
| Baba | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | kama /kama/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Kula | kuman /kuman/ | kuman /kuman/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | keman /kəman/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ma'ande /maʔande/ |
| Kunywa | enpa /enpa/ | minum /minum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | temekel /təməkəl/ | minum /minum/ | minom /minom/ | minung /minuŋ/ |
| Upendo | ulaw /ulaw/ | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | nasaqaqa /nasaqaqa/ | lasa /lasa/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | mappinawa /mapːinawa/ |
| Moyo | kalumetan /kalumetan/ | paso /paso/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | varung /vaɾuŋ/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | ate /ate/ |
| Mti | kawi /kawi/ | kayo /kajo/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kasiw /kasiw/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kayo /kajo/ | kaju /kaju/ |
| Nyumba | ruma /ɾuma/ | vahay /vahaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | umaq /umaq/ | bāy /baːj/ | walay /walaj/ | boyang /bojaŋ/ |
| Mbwa | suwan /suwan/ | ino /ino/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | vatu /vatu/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | aso /aso/ | asu /asu/ |
| Paka | kating /katiŋ/ | koving /koviŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | ngiaw /ŋiaw/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | mio /mio/ |
| Mkono | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Jicho | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | maca /matsa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Habari | marayas /maɾajas/ | akokay /akokaj/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | masalu /masalu/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kapian /kapijan/ | salama' ma'ondong /salamaʔ maʔondoŋ/ |
| Asante | kasapakan /kasapakan/ | ayoy /ajoj/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | masalu /masalu/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | salamat /salamat/ | kuru' sumanga' /kuɾuʔ sumaŋaʔ/ |
| Moja | sa /sa/ | asa /asa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | ita /ita/ | isa /isa/ | isa /isa/ | mesa /mesa/ |
| Nzuri | mauruway /mauɾuwai/ | mapia /mapia/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | nguanguaq /ŋuaŋuaq/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | mapia /mapija/ | macoa /matʃoa/ |
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