Pa-Zande
Zande
Niger-Congo
Zande (autonymously Pa-Zande) is an Ubangian language of the Niger-Congo family, spoken by around 1.1 million people in the borderlands of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. Zande is famous internationally as the subject of E.E. Evans-Pritchard's classic 1937 anthropological monograph "Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande," one of the foundational works of British social anthropology that profoundly influenced 20th-century anthropological theory of rationality and witchcraft. The Zande Kingdom (the Avongara dynasty) was a major precolonial state of Central Africa from the 18th to the late 19th century before being divided among the British, French, and Belgian colonial powers. Linguistically, Zande is part of the Ubangian branch of Niger-Congo (NOT Bantu, despite the Central African location), with sister languages Nzakara and the more distant Ngbandi-Sango cluster.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Zande
Water
ime
/ime/
Fire
nako
/nako/
Sun
urure
/uɾuɾe/
Moon
diwi
/diwi/
Mother
na
/na/
Father
ba
/ba/
Eat
ri
/ɾi/
Drink
mbira
/mbiɾa/
Love
kpinyemu
/kpiɲemu/
Heart
ngbongbo
/ŋɡboŋɡbo/
Tree
ngua
/ŋɡua/
House
bambu
/bambu/
Dog
ango
/aŋɡo/
Cat
gbabo
/ɡbabo/
Hand
be
/be/
Eye
bangiri
/baŋɡiɾi/
Hello
mo ima ya
/mo ima ja/
Thank you
oni-tambua
/oni-tambua/
One
sa
/sa/
Good
wene
/wene/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Niger-Congo languages
| Meaning | Zande | Embu | Meru | Kikuyu | Dii | Old Tagalog | Kamba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ime /ime/ | mai /mai/ | rũũjĩ /ɾuːdʒi/ | maaĩ /maːi/ | mam /mam/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | kĩw'ũ /kiwu/ |
| Fire | nako /nako/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mvə̀ /mvə/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | mwaki /mwaki/ |
| Sun | urure /uɾuɾe/ | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiwa/ | ngə̄ə̀ /ŋɡəə/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | syũa /sjua/ |
| Moon | diwi /diwi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mboɔn /mbɔɔn/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | mwei /mwei/ |
| Mother | na /na/ | mami /mami/ | mami /mami/ | maitũ /maitu/ | na /na/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | mwaitũ /mwaitu/ |
| Father | ba /ba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | ba /ba/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | asa /asa/ |
| Eat | ri /ɾi/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kpén /kpen˥/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kũya /kuja/ |
| Drink | mbira /mbiɾa/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | kũnyũa /kuɲua/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | kpɔ̀ /kpɔ/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | kũnywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Love | kpinyemu /kpiɲemu/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | kūngí /ku˧ŋɡi˥/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | wendo /wendo/ |
| Heart | ngbongbo /ŋɡboŋɡbo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngēli /ŋɡeli/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ |
| Tree | ngua /ŋɡua/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | ngà /ŋɡa/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | mũtĩ /muti/ |
| House | bambu /bambu/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyomba /ɲomba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | gā /ɡa/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ |
| Dog | ango /aŋɡo/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | mvù /mvu˩/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | ngitĩ /ŋɡiti/ |
| Cat | gbabo /ɡbabo/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyaũ /ɲau/ | ngwā /ŋɡwa/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | mbaka /mbaka/ |
| Hand | be /be/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | paà /paa/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kw'oko /kwoko/ |
| Eye | bangiri /baŋɡiɾi/ | riitho /ɾiːθo/ | rĩĩthwa /ɾiːθwa/ | riitho /riːθo/ | ngə̀ə /ŋɡəə/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | ĩtho /iθo/ |
| Hello | mo ima ya /mo ima ja/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wĩmwega /wimweɡa/ | mbóò /mboo/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | mwĩaĩle /mwiaile/ |
| Thank you | oni-tambua /oni-tambua/ | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ wega /ni weɡa/ | vɛɛɛ /vɛːɛ/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | nĩ vinya /ni viɲa/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | hīn /hin/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ |
| Good | wene /wene/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wega /weɡa/ | gáà /ɡa˥a˩/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | museo /museo/ |
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.