Pa-Zande
Zande
Niger-Congo
Zande (autonymously Pa-Zande) is an Ubangian language of the Niger-Congo family, spoken by around 1.1 million people in the borderlands of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. Zande is famous internationally as the subject of E.E. Evans-Pritchard's classic 1937 anthropological monograph "Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande," one of the foundational works of British social anthropology that profoundly influenced 20th-century anthropological theory of rationality and witchcraft. The Zande Kingdom (the Avongara dynasty) was a major precolonial state of Central Africa from the 18th to the late 19th century before being divided among the British, French, and Belgian colonial powers. Linguistically, Zande is part of the Ubangian branch of Niger-Congo (NOT Bantu, despite the Central African location), with sister languages Nzakara and the more distant Ngbandi-Sango cluster.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Zande
Water
ime
/ime/
Fire
we
/we/
Sun
uru
/uɾu/
Moon
diwi
/diwi/
Star
kerekuru
/kɛɾɛkuɾu/
Mother
na
/na/
Father
ba
/ba/
I
mi
/mi/
You
mo
/mo/
Name
rimo
/ɾimo/
Eye
bangiri
/baŋɡiɾi/
Hand
be
/be/
Heart
ngbaduse
/ŋɡbaduse/
Love
kpinyemu
/kpiɲemu/
Tree
ngua
/ŋɡua/
House
bambu
/bambu/
Dog
ango
/aŋɡo/
Cat
gbabo
/ɡbabo/
Eat
ri
/ɾi/
Drink
mbira
/mbiɾa/
One
sa
/sa/
Two
ue
/uwe/
Hello
mo ima ya
/mo ima ja/
Thank you
oni-tambua
/oni-tambua/
Good
wene
/wene/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Niger-Congo languages
| Meaning | Zande | Sango | Dii | Embu | Meru | Kikuyu | Ekpeye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ime /ime/ | ngu /ŋɡu/ | mam /mam/ | mai /mai/ | rũũjĩ /ɾuːdʒi/ | maaĩ /maːi/ | mini /mini/ |
| Fire | we /we/ | wa /wa/ | mvə̀ /mvə/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | mwaki /mwaki/ | oku /oku/ |
| Sun | uru /uɾu/ | lâ /la/ | ngə̄ə̀ /ŋɡəə/ | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiua/ | rĩũa /ɾiwa/ | anwu /aŋwu/ |
| Moon | diwi /diwi/ | nzë /nzɛ/ | mboɔn /mbɔɔn/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | onwa /oŋwa/ |
| Star | kerekuru /kɛɾɛkuɾu/ | tongoro /toŋɡoro/ | tewre /tewre/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ | opipinyenye /ɔpipiˈɲeɲe/ |
| Mother | na /na/ | mama /mama/ | na /na/ | mami /mami/ | mami /mami/ | maitũ /maitu/ | nne /nːe/ |
| Father | ba /ba/ | babâ /baba/ | ba /ba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | nna /nːa/ |
| I | mi /mi/ | mbi /mbi/ | am /am/ | nĩĩ /niː/ | nyie /ɲie/ | niĩ /niː/ | ma /ma/ |
| You | mo /mo/ | mo /mo/ | mo /mo/ | wee /weː/ | wee /weː/ | wee /weː/ | yo /jo/ |
| Name | rimo /ɾimo/ | iri /iri/ | yiŋ /jiŋ/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾɪːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾɪːtwa/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾɪːtwa/ | ewa /ɛˈwa/ |
| Eye | bangiri /baŋɡiɾi/ | lê /lɛ/ | ngə̀ə /ŋɡəə/ | riitho /ɾiːθo/ | rĩĩthwa /ɾiːθwa/ | riitho /riːðo/ | anya /aɲa/ |
| Hand | be /be/ | maboko /maboko/ | paà /paa/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | njara /ndʒaɾa/ | guoko /ɡuoko/ | aka /aka/ |
| Heart | ngbaduse /ŋɡbaduse/ | bê /bɛ/ | ngēli /ŋɡeli/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | ngoro /ŋɡoɾo/ | obi /obi/ |
| Love | kpinyemu /kpiɲemu/ | ndoyê /ndojɛ/ | kūngí /kuŋɡi/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | wendo /wendo/ | ihunanya /ihunaɲa/ |
| Tree | ngua /ŋɡua/ | kêkê /kɛkɛ/ | ngà /ŋɡa/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | mũtĩ /muti/ | osisi /osisi/ |
| House | bambu /bambu/ | dâ /da/ | gā /ɡa/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | nyomba /ɲomba/ | nyũmba /ɲumba/ | ulo /ulo/ |
| Dog | ango /aŋɡo/ | mbo /mbo/ | mvù /mvu˩/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ | nkita /ŋkita/ |
| Cat | gbabo /ɡbabo/ | nyao /ɲao/ | ngwā /ŋɡwa/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyau /ɲau/ | nyaũ /ɲau/ | nwamba /ŋwamba/ |
| Eat | ri /ɾi/ | te /te/ | kpén /kpen˥/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | kũrĩa /kuɾia/ | ri /ɾi/ |
| Drink | mbira /mbiɾa/ | nyon /ɲon/ | kpɔ̀ /kpɔ/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | kũnyũa /kuɲua/ | kũnyua /kuɲua/ | ñu /ɲu/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | oko /oko/ | hīn /hin/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | ĩmwe /imwe/ | otu /otu/ |
| Two | ue /uwe/ | ûse /use/ | reɓ /reɓ/ | ijĩrĩ /idʒɪɾɪ/ | ijĩrĩ /idʒɪɾɪ/ | igĩrĩ /iɣɪɾɪ/ | gbibo /ɡbibo/ |
| Hello | mo ima ya /mo ima ja/ | bara mo /bara mo/ | mbóò /mboo/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wĩmwega /wimweɡa/ | nno /nːo/ |
| Thank you | oni-tambua /oni-tambua/ | singila /siŋɡila/ | vɛɛɛ /vɛːɛ/ | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ baba /ni baba/ | nĩ wega /ni weɡa/ | imela /imela/ |
| Good | wene /wene/ | nzöni /nzəni/ | gáà /ɡa˥a˩/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | mwega /mweɡa/ | wega /weɡa/ | oma /oma/ |
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