Igbo
Niger-Congo
Igbo is one of West Africa's three major Nigerian languages (alongside Hausa and Yoruba), with ~24M L1 speakers in southeastern Nigeria across Anambra, Imo, Abia, Ebonyi, and Enugu states. It is tonal (high/low + downstep) with ATR vowel harmony, an eight-vowel system in two ATR sets, and a 30+ consonant inventory across dialects; the Ọnwụ orthography (1962) standardized the writing system. Igbo culture and oral literature reached global readership through Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" (1958), and the language preserves a rich proverb/idiom tradition (ilu) considered the highest form of Igbo verbal art.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Igbo
Water
mmiri
/mːiɾi/
Fire
ọkụ
/ɔkʊ/
Sun
anyanwụ
/aɲaŋwʊ/
Moon
ọnwa
/ɔŋwa/
Star
kpakpando
/kpakpando/
Mother
nne
/nːe/
Father
nna
/nːa/
I
mụ
/mʊ/
You
gị
/ɡɪ/
Name
aha
/aha/
Eye
anya
/aɲa/
Hand
aka
/aka/
Heart
obi
/obi/
Love
ịhụnanya
/ɪhʊnaɲa/
Tree
osisi
/osisi/
House
ụlọ
/ʊlɔ/
Dog
nkịta
/ŋkɪta/
Cat
nwamba
/ŋwamba/
Eat
iri
/iɾi/
Drink
ịṅụ
/ɪŋʊ/
One
otu
/otu/
Two
abụọ
/abʊɔ/
Hello
nnọọ
/nːɔː/
Thank you
daalụ
/daːlʊ/
Good
ọma
/ɔma/
Computer
kọmpụta
/kɔmpʊta/
Sushi
sushi
/suʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Niger-Congo languages
| Meaning | Igbo | Izii | Ekpeye | Xhosa | Luganda | Soga | Odia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mmiri /mːiɾi/ | mini /mini/ | mini /mini/ | amanzi /amaːnzi/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amaaji /amaːdʒi/ | ପାଣି /paːɳi/ |
| Fire | ọkụ /ɔkʊ/ | oku /oku/ | oku /oku/ | umlilo /umlilo/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | ନିଆଁ /niãː/ |
| Sun | anyanwụ /aɲaŋwʊ/ | anwu /aŋwu/ | anwu /aŋwu/ | ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ /suːɾjɔ/ |
| Moon | ọnwa /ɔŋwa/ | onwa /oŋwa/ | onwa /oŋwa/ | inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର /tʃɔndɾɔ/ |
| Star | kpakpando /kpakpando/ | kpakpando /kpakpando/ | opipinyenye /ɔpipiˈɲeɲe/ | inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | emunyeenye /emuɲeːɲe/ | ତାରା /taɾa/ |
| Mother | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːe/ | umama /umaːma/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | ମା /maː/ |
| Father | nna /nːa/ | nna /nːa/ | nna /nːa/ | utata /utaːta/ | taata /taːta/ | taata /taːta/ | ବାପା /baːpaː/ |
| I | mụ /mʊ/ | mụ /mʊ/ | ma /ma/ | mna /mna/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | ମୁଁ /mũ/ |
| You | gị /ɡɪ/ | gị /ɡɪ/ | yo /jo/ | wena /wena/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | gwe /ɡwe/ | ତୁମେ /tume/ |
| Name | aha /aha/ | aha /aha/ | ewa /ɛˈwa/ | igama /iɡaːma/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | erinnya /erinɲa/ | ନାମ /namɔ/ |
| Eye | anya /aɲa/ | anya /aɲa/ | anya /aɲa/ | iliso /iliso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ଆଖି /aːkʰi/ |
| Hand | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | isandla /isandɮa/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ହାତ /haːtɔ/ |
| Heart | obi /obi/ | obi /obi/ | obi /obi/ | intliziyo /intɬizijo/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | ହୃଦୟ /hɾudɔjɔ/ |
| Love | ịhụnanya /ɪhʊnaɲa/ | ihunanya /ihunaɲa/ | ihunanya /ihunaɲa/ | uthando /utʰando/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | kwagala /kwaɡala/ | ପ୍ରେମ /pɾemɔ/ |
| Tree | osisi /osisi/ | osisi /osisi/ | osisi /osisi/ | umthi /umtʰi/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | ଗଛ /ɡɔtʃʰɔ/ |
| House | ụlọ /ʊlɔ/ | ulo /ulo/ | ulo /ulo/ | indlu /indɮu/ | ennyumba /eɲɲumba/ | enju /eɲɟu/ | ଘର /ɡʱɔɾɔ/ |
| Dog | nkịta /ŋkɪta/ | nkita /ŋkita/ | nkita /ŋkita/ | inja /indʒa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | କୁକୁର /kukuɾɔ/ |
| Cat | nwamba /ŋwamba/ | nwamba /ŋwamba/ | nwamba /ŋwamba/ | ikati /ikati/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | enkaaku /eŋkaːku/ | ବିଲେଇ /bilei/ |
| Eat | iri /iɾi/ | ri /ɾi/ | ri /ɾi/ | ukutya /ukutʲa/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | ଖାଇବା /kʰaːɪbaː/ |
| Drink | ịṅụ /ɪŋʊ/ | nu /nu/ | ñu /ɲu/ | ukusela /ukusɛla/ | kunywa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲʷa/ | ପିଇବା /piːɪbaː/ |
| One | otu /otu/ | otu /otu/ | otu /otu/ | inye /iɲɛ/ | emu /emu/ | ndala /ndala/ | ଏକ /ekɔ/ |
| Two | abụọ /abʊɔ/ | abụọ /abʊɔ/ | gbibo /ɡbibo/ | mbini /mbiːni/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | bbiri /biri/ | ଦୁଇ /dui/ |
| Hello | nnọọ /nːɔː/ | ndo /ndo/ | nno /nːo/ | molo /molo/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | mwaakire /mwaːkiɾe/ | ନମସ୍କାର /nɔmɔskaːɾɔ/ |
| Thank you | daalụ /daːlʊ/ | ima ego /ima eɡo/ | imela /imela/ | enkosi /ɛnkosi/ | webale /weːbale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ /dʱɔnjɔbaːdɔ/ |
| Good | ọma /ɔma/ | oma /oma/ | oma /oma/ | lungile /luŋɡilɛ/ | kirungi /kiɾuŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | ଭଲ /bʱɔlɔ/ |
| Computer | kọmpụta /kɔmpʊta/ | — | — | ikhompyutha /ikʰompjutʰa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର /kɔmpjuʈɔɾɔ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /suʃi/ | — | — | sushi /suʃi/ | — | — | ସୁଶି /su.si/ |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with closely-related languages
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.