Igbo

Niger-Congo

FamilyNiger-Congo Speakers~24M ScriptLatin CountriesNigeria Official inNigeria (regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ibo

Igbo is one of West Africa's three major Nigerian languages (alongside Hausa and Yoruba), with ~24M L1 speakers in southeastern Nigeria across Anambra, Imo, Abia, Ebonyi, and Enugu states. It is tonal (high/low + downstep) with ATR vowel harmony and a 30+ vowel inventory across dialects; the Ọnwụ orthography (1962) standardized the writing system. Igbo culture and oral literature reached global readership through Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" (1958), and the language preserves a rich proverb/idiom tradition (ilu) considered the highest form of Igbo verbal art.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Igbo

Water

mmiri

/mːiɾi/

Fire

ọkụ

/ɔkʊ/

Sun

anyanwụ

/aɲaŋwʊ/

Moon

ọnwa

/ɔŋwa/

Mother

nne

/nːe/

Father

nna

/nːa/

Eat

iri

/iɾi/

Drink

ịṅụ

/ɪŋʊ/

Love

ịhụnanya

/ɪhʊnaɲa/

Heart

obi

/obi/

Tree

osisi

/osisi/

House

ụlọ

/ʊlɔ/

Dog

nkịta

/ŋkɪta/

Cat

nwamba

/ŋwamba/

Hand

aka

/aka/

Eye

anya

/aɲa/

Hello

nnọọ

/nːɔː/

Thank you

daalụ

/daːlʊ/

One

otu

/otu/

Good

ọma

/ɔma/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo languages

Meaning IgboEkpeyeIziiLugandaSogaVendaSenoufo Supyire
Water mmiri /mːiɾi/ mini /mini/ mini /mini/ amazzi /amaːzːi/ amaaji /amaːdʒi/ maḓi /maɖi/ lwɔ /lwɔ/
Fire ọkụ /ɔkʊ/ oku /oku/ oku /oku/ omuliro /omuliɾo/ omuliro /omuliɾo/ mulilo /mulilo/ fyaa /fjaː/
Sun anyanwụ /aɲaŋwʊ/ anwu /aŋwu/ anwu /aŋwu/ enjuba /eɲɟuba/ enjuba /eɲɟuba/ ḓuvha /ɖuvʱa/ kanha /kaɲa/
Moon ọnwa /ɔŋwa/ onwa /oŋwa/ onwa /oŋwa/ omwezi /omwezi/ omwezi /omwezi/ ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ cuoꞌngo /tʃuoŋɡo/
Mother nne /nːe/ nne /nːe/ nne /nːe/ maama /maːma/ maama /maːma/ mme /mːe/ naa /naː/
Father nna /nːa/ nna /nːa/ nna /nːa/ taata /taːta/ taata /taːta/ khotsi /kʰotsi/ saa /saː/
Eat iri /iɾi/ ri /ɾi/ ri /ɾi/ kulya /kulja/ kulya /kulja/ u ḽa /u ɭa/ kanyi /kaɲi/
Drink ịṅụ /ɪŋʊ/ ñu /ɲu/ nu /nu/ kunywa /kuɲʷa/ kunywa /kuɲʷa/ u ṅwa /u ŋwa/ nyaha /ɲaha/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Igbo
Achọrọ m ịnwale uwe nke m hụrụ n' ụlọ ahịa n'iru ụlọ nkwari
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Igbo
Achọrọ m ịnwale uwe nke m hụrụ n' ụlọ ahịa n'iru ụlọ nkwari
Mo fẹ́ dán aṣọ mo nínú ṣọ́ọ̀bù ní iwájú ilé ìsinmi

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