Ajagbe
Aja
Niger-Congo
Aja (autonymously Ajagbe) is a Gbe language of the Niger-Congo family, spoken by around 600,000 people in southwestern Benin and adjacent eastern Togo. The Aja are historically the "ancestral" Gbe people from whom the Fon (Dahomey) and Ewe (Ghana/Togo) migrated southward in the 17th century — Aja is therefore considered closer to the original Proto-Gbe homeland than the more southerly Fon and Ewe varieties. The Aja Kingdom of Tado was a major precolonial state in the Gulf of Benin region. Linguistically, Aja is part of the Gbe dialect continuum with Ewe (ee) and Fon (fon), with significant mutual intelligibility for closely related dialects but a distinct identity. The 17th-century Allada and Dahomey kingdoms have Aja roots even though their dynastic language eventually shifted to Fon.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Aja
Water
esi
/esi/
Fire
ezo
/ezo/
Sun
eŋke
/eŋke/
Moon
esun
/esun/
Mother
nɔ
/nɔ/
Father
to
/to/
Eat
ɖu
/ɖu/
Drink
nu
/nu/
Love
lɔ̃
/lɔ̃/
Heart
dzi
/dzi/
Tree
ati
/ati/
House
avia
/avia/
Dog
avu
/avu/
Cat
ami
/ami/
Hand
alɔ
/alɔ/
Eye
ŋku
/ŋku/
Hello
nɛnɛ
/nɛnɛ/
Thank you
amɛ akpe
/amɛ akpe/
One
ɖeka
/ɖeka/
Good
nyo
/ɲo/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Niger-Congo languages
| Meaning | Aja | Gen (Mina) | Ewe | Fon | Mussau-Emira | Fang | Ga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | esi /esi/ | tsi /tsi/ | tsi /tsi/ | sin /sĩ/ | eai /eai/ | mendim /mendim/ | nu /nu/ |
| Fire | ezo /ezo/ | dzo /dzo/ | dzo /dzo/ | zo /zo/ | kapok /kapok/ | ndoa /ndoa/ | la /la/ |
| Sun | eŋke /eŋke/ | ɣe /ɣe/ | ɣe /ɣe/ | hwe /ɦʷe/ | ariu /aɾiu/ | zòp /zop/ | hulu /hulu/ |
| Moon | esun /esun/ | dzinkɛ /dʒinkɛ/ | ɣleti /ɣleti/ | sun /sũ/ | malam /malam/ | ngɔn /ŋɡɔn/ | ŋɔɔŋmɔ /ŋɔɔŋmɔ/ |
| Mother | nɔ /nɔ/ | nɔ /nɔ/ | dada /dada/ | nɔ /nɔ/ | nia /nia/ | nyia /ɲia/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ |
| Father | to /to/ | tɔ /tɔ/ | fofo /fofo/ | tɔ /tɔ/ | tama /tama/ | tara /tara/ | tsɛ /tsɛ/ |
| Eat | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | anu /anu/ | di /di/ | yɛ /jɛ/ |
| Drink | nu /nu/ | no /no/ | no /no/ | nu /nu/ | inum /inum/ | nyu /ɲu/ | nu /nu/ |
| Love | lɔ̃ /lɔ̃/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ | yiwanu /jiwanu/ | talimi /talimi/ | ndzem /ndzem/ | suɔmɔ /suɔmɔ/ |
| Heart | dzi /dzi/ | dzi /dzi/ | dzi /dzi/ | ayi /aji/ | lalota /lalota/ | nle /nle/ | tsui /tsui/ |
| Tree | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atin /atĩ/ | rikei /ɾikei/ | eli /eli/ | tso /tso/ |
| House | avia /avia/ | aƒe /aɸe/ | aƒe /aɸe/ | xwé /xʷé/ | ulemi /ulemi/ | nda /nda/ | shia /ʃia/ |
| Dog | avu /avu/ | avu /avu/ | avu /avu/ | avun /avũ/ | kovur /kovuɾ/ | mvu /mvu/ | gbei /ɡbei/ |
| Cat | ami /ami/ | agbo /aɡbo/ | dadi /dadi/ | kpɔnyɔ /kpɔɲɔ/ | busi /busi/ | esin /esin/ | adi /adi/ |
| Hand | alɔ /alɔ/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | asi /asi/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | lima /lima/ | wɔ /wɔ/ | nine /nine/ |
| Eye | ŋku /ŋku/ | ŋku /ŋku/ | ŋku /ŋku/ | nukún /nukṹ/ | mata /mata/ | dis /dis/ | hiŋmɛi /hiŋmɛi/ |
| Hello | nɛnɛ /nɛnɛ/ | ado /ado/ | ŋdi /ŋdi/ | a fɔn ganji /a fɔ̃ ɡãdʒi/ | emua /emua/ | mbolo /mbolo/ | ɔ jɔ /ɔ jɔ/ |
| Thank you | amɛ akpe /amɛ akpe/ | akpe /akpe/ | akpe /akpe/ | àwǎnú /àwǎnú/ | poasi /poasi/ | akiba /akiba/ | oyiwala /ojiwala/ |
| One | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖokpó /ɖokpó/ | esa /esa/ | bok /bok/ | ekome /ekome/ |
| Good | nyo /ɲo/ | nyo /ɲo/ | nyo /ɲo/ | ɖagbe /ɖaɡbe/ | rop /ɾop/ | mbeng /mbeŋ/ | ekpakpa /ekpakpa/ |
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