Ajagbe
Aja
Niger-Congo
Aja (autonymously Ajagbe) is a Gbe language of the Niger-Congo family, spoken by around 600,000 people in southwestern Benin and adjacent eastern Togo. The Aja are historically the "ancestral" Gbe people from whom the Fon (Dahomey) and Ewe (Ghana/Togo) migrated southward in the 17th century — Aja is therefore considered closer to the original Proto-Gbe homeland than the more southerly Fon and Ewe varieties. The Aja Kingdom of Tado was a major precolonial state in the Gulf of Benin region. Linguistically, Aja is part of the Gbe dialect continuum with Ewe (ee) and Fon (fon), with significant mutual intelligibility for closely related dialects but a distinct identity. The 17th-century Allada and Dahomey kingdoms have Aja roots even though their dynastic language eventually shifted to Fon.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Aja
Water
esi
/esi/
Fire
ezo
/ezo/
Sun
ewe
/ewe/
Moon
esun
/esun/
Star
ɣletivi
/ɣletivi/
Mother
nɔ
/nɔ/
Father
to
/to/
I
nyɛ
/ɲɛ/
You
wo
/wo/
Name
nyikɔ
/ɲikɔ/
Eye
ŋku
/ŋku/
Hand
alɔ
/alɔ/
Heart
dzi
/dzi/
Love
lɔ̃
/lɔ̃/
Tree
ati
/ati/
House
avia
/avia/
Dog
avu
/avu/
Cat
ami
/ami/
Eat
ɖu
/ɖu/
Drink
nu
/nu/
One
ɖeka
/ɖeka/
Two
eve
/eve/
Hello
nɛnɛ
/nɛnɛ/
Thank you
amɛ akpe
/amɛ akpe/
Good
nyo
/ɲo/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Niger-Congo languages
| Meaning | Aja | Gen (Mina) | Ewe | Fon | Adangme | Ga | Degema |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | esi /esi/ | tsi /tsi/ | tsi /tsi/ | sin /sĩ/ | nyu /ɲu/ | nu /nu/ | mọn /mɔn/ |
| Fire | ezo /ezo/ | dzo /dzo/ | dzo /dzo/ | zo /zo/ | la /la/ | la /la/ | ọmạrị /ɔmaɾi/ |
| Sun | ewe /ewe/ | ɣe /ɣe/ | ɣe /ɣe/ | hwe /ɦʷe/ | hyɛ /çɛ/ | hulu /hulu/ | ọvịnị /ɔvini/ |
| Moon | esun /esun/ | dzinkɛ /dʒinkɛ/ | ɣleti /ɣleti/ | sun /sũ/ | nyɔnyɔɛ /ɲɔɲɔɛ/ | ŋɔɔŋmɔ /ŋɔɔŋmɔ/ | ọsọ /ɔsɔ/ |
| Star | ɣletivi /ɣletivi/ | ɣletsivi /ɣletsivi/ | ɣletivi /ɣletivi/ | sunví /sṹví/ | ŋulami /ŋulami/ | ŋulami /ŋùlámi/ | esi /esi/ |
| Mother | nɔ /nɔ/ | nɔ /nɔ/ | dada /dada/ | nɔ /nɔ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | inyeyẹ /iɲɛjɛ/ |
| Father | to /to/ | tɔ /tɔ/ | fofo /fofo/ | tɔ /tɔ/ | tsɛ /tsɛ/ | tsɛ /tsɛ/ | etete /etete/ |
| I | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nye /ɲɛ/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ̀/ | i /i/ | mi /mì/ | mẹ /mɛ/ |
| You | wo /wo/ | wò /wò/ | wò /wò/ | hwɛ /hwɛ̀/ | mo /mo/ | bo /bo/ | wo /wo/ |
| Name | nyikɔ /ɲikɔ/ | ŋkɔ /ŋkɔ/ | ŋkɔ /ŋkɔ/ | nyikɔ /ɲĩ̌kɔ́/ | biɛ /biɛ/ | gbɛi /gbɛ́i/ | eni /eni/ |
| Eye | ŋku /ŋku/ | ŋku /ŋku/ | ŋku /ŋku/ | nukún /nukṹ/ | hiŋmɛ /hiŋmɛ/ | hiŋmɛi /hiŋmɛi/ | enẹ /enɛ/ |
| Hand | alɔ /alɔ/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | asi /asi/ | alɔ /alɔ/ | nine /nine/ | nine /nine/ | ọnẹ /ɔnɛ/ |
| Heart | dzi /dzi/ | dzi /dzi/ | dzi /dzi/ | ayi /aji/ | tsui /tsui/ | tsui /tsui/ | ọkọmpọnị /ɔkɔmpɔni/ |
| Love | lɔ̃ /lɔ̃/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ | lɔ̃lɔ̃ /lɔ̃lɔ̃/ | yiwanu /jiwanu/ | suɔmi /suɔmi/ | suɔmɔ /suɔmɔ/ | inyiẹna /iɲjɛna/ |
| Tree | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atin /atĩ/ | tso /tso/ | tso /tso/ | eyo /ejo/ |
| House | avia /avia/ | aƒe /aɸe/ | aƒe /aɸe/ | xwé /xʷé/ | we /we/ | shia /ʃia/ | ọsụnẹ /ɔsunɛ/ |
| Dog | avu /avu/ | avu /avu/ | avu /avu/ | avun /avũ/ | gbe /ɡbe/ | gbei /ɡbei/ | ifụnị /ifuni/ |
| Cat | ami /ami/ | agbo /aɡbo/ | dadi /dadi/ | kpɔnyɔ /kpɔɲɔ/ | adi /adi/ | adi /adi/ | ọchẹ /ɔtʃɛ/ |
| Eat | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | ɖu /ɖu/ | ye /je/ | yɛ /jɛ/ | re /ɾe/ |
| Drink | nu /nu/ | no /no/ | no /no/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | da /da/ |
| One | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖeka /ɖeka/ | ɖokpó /ɖokpó/ | kake /kake/ | ekome /ekome/ | ọmọ /ɔmɔ/ |
| Two | eve /eve/ | eve /eve/ | eve /ève/ | wè /wè/ | enyɔ /eɲɔ/ | enyɔ /eɲɔ/ | eva /eva/ |
| Hello | nɛnɛ /nɛnɛ/ | ado /ado/ | ŋdi /ŋdi/ | a fɔn ganji /a fɔ̃ ɡãdʒi/ | daa /daː/ | ɔ jɔ /ɔ jɔ/ | amọn /amɔn/ |
| Thank you | amɛ akpe /amɛ akpe/ | akpe /akpe/ | akpe /akpe/ | àwǎnú /àwǎnú/ | ojakuɛ /odʒakwɛ/ | oyiwala /ojiwala/ | nani /nani/ |
| Good | nyo /ɲo/ | nyo /ɲo/ | nyo /ɲo/ | ɖagbe /ɖaɡbe/ | hɛŋmi /hɛŋmi/ | ekpakpa /ekpakpa/ | ekenẹ /ekenɛ/ |
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