Maninkakan

Eastern Maninka

Niger-Congo

FamilyNiger-Congo Speakers~3M ScriptLatin CountriesGuinea Official inNo (French is the official language of Guinea; Maninka is one of the national languages) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3emk

Eastern Maninka (autonymously Maninkakan) is a Manding language of the Mande branch of Niger-Congo, spoken by over 3 million people in Upper Guinea (Kankan, Faranah, Siguiri prefectures) and adjacent borderlands of Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Maninka is closely related to Bambara (bm) of Mali and the Mandinka of Senegambia — together forming the Manding dialect cluster. The Maninka are the modern descendants of the Mali Empire (c. 1235-1670) which dominated West Africa under emperors like Sundiata Keita and Mansa Musa. The 1949 invention of the N'Ko alphabet by Solomana Kanté specifically for Manding languages was an explicit reaction against the use of foreign scripts (Arabic and Latin) for African languages, and N'Ko has growing popular use particularly in Guinea. Maninka is one of the most-vibrant African languages with intact intergenerational transmission and major literary production.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Eastern Maninka

Water

ji

/dʒi/

Fire

tasuma

/tasuma/

Sun

tile

/tile/

Moon

kalo

/kalo/

Star

lolo

/lolo/

Mother

ba

/ba/

Father

fa

/fa/

I

ne

/ne/

You

i

/i/

Name

tɔɔ

/tɔː/

Eye

ɲa

/ɲa/

Hand

bolo

/bolo/

Heart

dusu

/dusu/

Love

kanu

/kanu/

Tree

yiri

/jiɾi/

House

lu

/lu/

Dog

wuli

/wuli/

Cat

jakuma

/dʒakuma/

Eat

domu

/domu/

Drink

min

/min/

One

kelen

/kelen/

Two

fila

/fila/

Hello

i ni se

/i ni se/

Thank you

i ni ce

/i ni tʃe/

Good

ka ɲi

/ka ɲi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo languages

Meaning Eastern ManinkaXaasongaxangoKita ManinkakanWestern ManinkakanBambaraDyulaKonabéré
Water ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/ ji /dʒi/
Fire tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ tasuma /tasuma/ ta /ta/
Sun tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tle /tle/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/ tile /tile/
Moon kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/ kalo /kalo/
Star lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ lolo /lolo/ dolo /dòlo/ dolo /dólo/ tɛnɛ /tɛ̀nɛ̀/
Mother ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ na /na/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/ ba /ba/
Father fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/ fa /fa/
I ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /ne/ ne /nè/ ń /ŋ́/ n /ǹ/
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