Warao
Kiwarao
Lugha peke
Warao (jina la asili linamaanisha "watu wa mashua" — wa "mtumbwi" + arao "watu wa") ni lugha pekee (isiyo na ndugu) inayozungumzwa katika Delta ya Orinoco mashariki mwa Venezuela na wazungumzaji wapatao 28,000, ikiwa na makundi madogo katika Guyana na Suriname za jirani. Wawarao ni wajenzi wa mitumbwi wa kandokando ya mito ambao lugha yao imekuwa ngumu kuainisha kinasaba — mapendekezo ya kuiunganisha na Macro-Paezan au Chibchan hayajakubaliwa. Warao ina msamiati wenye utajiri usio wa kawaida kwa maji, mashua, na maisha ya majini, ukionyesha mazingira yao ya delta, na hutumia mifumo ya mpangilio inayofanana na ergative pamoja na matumizi mapana ya miundo ya vishazi-nomino. Imehifadhiwa kwa kutengwa kwa kiasi katika delta yenye matope, lakini inazidi kuwa chini ya shinikizo la Kihispania.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiwarao
Maji
hoidu
/hojdu/
Moto
hekunu
/hekunu/
Jua
ya
/ja/
Mwezi
waniku
/waniku/
Nyota
kura
/kura/
Mama
dani
/dani/
Baba
daka
/daka/
Mimi
ine
/ine/
Wewe
ihi
/ihi/
Jina
wai
/wai/
Jicho
mu
/mu/
Mkono
mojo
/moho/
Moyo
obonona
/obonona/
Upendo
anaubu
/anaubu/
Mti
dau
/daw/
Nyumba
hanoko
/hanoko/
Mbwa
aurahu
/auɾahu/
Paka
mishi
/miʃi/
Kula
nahoro
/nahoɾo/
Kunywa
osi
/osi/
Moja
hisaka
/hisaka/
Mbili
manamo
/manamo/
Habari
yakera
/jakeɾa/
Asante
kase
/kase/
Nzuri
yakera
/jakeɾa/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Language isolate zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiwarao | Kimisak | Kinaga cha Tangkhul | Asháninka | Kishipibo-Conibo | Kisumo | Kimasaaba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | hoidu /hojdu/ | unø /unø/ | ze /ze/ | nija /nidʒa/ | jene /hene/ | was /was/ | kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/ |
| Moto | hekunu /hekunu/ | nipi /nipi/ | mei /mei/ | paamari /paːmaɾi/ | chii /tʃiː/ | kuh /kuh/ | kamulilo /kamulilo/ |
| Jua | ya /ja/ | shi /ʃi/ | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | oorya /oːɾja/ | bari /bari/ | ma /ma/ | suuba /suːba/ |
| Mwezi | waniku /waniku/ | atru /atɾu/ | lai /lai/ | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ | oxe /oʃe/ | waikuh /waikuh/ | umweesi /umweːsi/ |
| Nyota | kura /kura/ | kualøm /kwalʌm/ | sira /siraː/ | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ | wishati /wiʃati/ | sirihma /siɾihma/ | kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/ |
| Mama | dani /dani/ | mama /mama/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | tita /tita/ | nuh /nuh/ | mayi /maji/ |
| Baba | daka /daka/ | tata /tata/ | apa /apa/ | apa /apa/ | papa /papa/ | papang /papaŋ/ | papa /papa/ |
| Mimi | ine /ine/ | na /na/ | i /i/ | naaka /naːka/ | ea /ea/ | yang /jaŋ/ | ise /ise/ |
| Wewe | ihi /ihi/ | ñui /ɲui/ | na /na/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | mia /mia/ | man /man/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Jina | wai /wai/ | wetø /wetʌ/ | amin /amin/ | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ | jane /ˈhane/ | pani /paˈni/ | lisiina /lisiːna/ |
| Jicho | mu /mu/ | kab /kab/ | mi /mi/ | noki /noki/ | bero /bero/ | nakra /nakɾa/ | liiso /liːso/ |
| Mkono | mojo /moho/ | mar /maɾ/ | phei /pʰei/ | nako /nako/ | mëken /mɯken/ | ting /tiŋ/ | kumukhono /kumukʰono/ |
| Moyo | obonona /obonona/ | mun /mun/ | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | nosanto /nosanto/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | mâ /maː/ | umwoyo /umwojo/ |
| Upendo | anaubu /anaubu/ | kausrap /kawsɾap/ | cha /tʃa/ | nonintsi /nonintsi/ | noi /noi/ | walai /walai/ | khusima /kʰusima/ |
| Mti | dau /daw/ | yu /ju/ | leiyik /leijik/ | inchato /intʃato/ | jiwi /xiwi/ | âu /aːu/ | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ |
| Nyumba | hanoko /hanoko/ | ya /ja/ | shim /ʃim/ | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ | xobo /ʃobo/ | utla /utla/ | nzu /nzu/ |
| Mbwa | aurahu /auɾahu/ | kuchi /kutʃi/ | ui /ui/ | otsiti /otsiti/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | suluk /suluk/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | mishi /miʃi/ | mishi /miʃi/ | mibu /mibu/ | mishito /miʃito/ | mishi /miʃi/ | mistuh /mistuh/ | paka /paka/ |
| Kula | nahoro /nahoɾo/ | mɵ /mɵ/ | ngui /ŋui/ | noyaki /nojaki/ | piti /piti/ | piru /piɾu/ | khulya /kʰuʎa/ |
| Kunywa | osi /osi/ | ushi /uʃi/ | rai /rai/ | noiri /noiɾi/ | xeati /ʃeati/ | di /di/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ |
| Moja | hisaka /hisaka/ | kan /kan/ | kha /kʰa/ | aparoni /apaɾoni/ | westíora /westioɾa/ | as /as/ | mulala /mulala/ |
| Mbili | manamo /manamo/ | pa /pa/ | khani /kʰani/ | apite /apite/ | rabé /ɾaˈbe/ | bu /bu/ | babili /βaβili/ |
| Habari | yakera /jakeɾa/ | ma'rik /maʔɾik/ | hayau /hajau/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | naksa /naksa/ | mulembe /mulembe/ |
| Asante | kase /kase/ | payn /pajn/ | ase /ase/ | naranki /naɾaŋki/ | irake /iɾake/ | yaisi /jaisi/ | ole nise /ole nise/ |
| Nzuri | yakera /jakeɾa/ | kausrik /kawsɾik/ | kahei /kahei/ | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ | jakon /xakon/ | pain /pain/ | kalayi /kalaji/ |
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