Proto-Mayan
Proto-Maya
Lugha ya awali (iliyojengwa upya) · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Proto-Maya ni babu aliyejengwa upya wa familia ya Kimaya ya Mesoamerika (takriban lugha 30 ikijumuisha Kʼicheʼ, Kiyukatek na Mam). Huwekwa katika nyanda za juu za Guatemala karibu 2200–2000 KK na imejengwa upya vizuri kutokana na kazi ya kulinganisha ya kina.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Proto-Maya
Maji
*haʔ
/haʔ/
Moto
*qʼaaqʼ
/qʼaaqʼ/
Jua
*qʼiinh
/qʼiinh/
Mwezi
*uːh
/uːh/
Nyota
*eʼq
/eʼq/
Mama
*naʔ
/naʔ/
Baba
*taat
/taat/
Mimi
*in
/in/
Wewe
—
/—/
Jina
*bʼih
/bʼih/
Jicho
—
/—/
Mkono
*qʼabʼ
/qʼabʼ/
Moyo
—
/—/
Upendo
—
/—/
Mti
*teʔ
/teʔ/
Nyumba
*nah
/nah/
Mbwa
*tzʼiʔ
/tzʼiʔ/
Paka
—
/—/
Kula
—
/—/
Kunywa
*ʔukʼ
/ʔukʼ/
Moja
*jun
/jun/
Mbili
*kaʼ
/kaʼ/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Nzuri
*utz
/utz/
Vyanzo
- Kaufman & Norman (1984) An outline of Proto-Cholan phonology, morphology and vocabulary
- Kaufman (2003) A Preliminary Mayan Etymological Dictionary
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Proto-language (reconstructed) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Proto-Maya | Kiuspanteko | Kiitza | Kʼiche | Kiiberia | Kietruska | Kimesapi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | *haʔ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moto | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jua | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | — /—/ | usil /ˈuzil/ | — /—/ |
| Mwezi | *uːh /uːh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | uj /uh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | — /—/ | tiur /ˈtiur/ | — /—/ |
| Nyota | *eʼq /eʼq/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mama | *naʔ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | — /—/ | ati /ˈati/ | — /—/ |
| Baba | *taat /taat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | — /—/ | apa /ˈapa/ | ana /ˈana/ |
| Mimi | *in /in/ | in /in/ | ten /ten/ | in /in/ | — /—/ | mi /mi/ | — /—/ |
| Wewe | — /—/ | at /at/ | tech /tetʃ/ | at /at/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jina | *bʼih /bʼih/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Jicho | — /—/ | wach /watʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mkono | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | *teʔ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nyumba | *nah /nah/ | jaa /haː/ | nah /nah/ | ja /xa/ | iltiŕ /iltir̥/ | śuthi /ˈsuθi/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kula | — /—/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | jant /hant/ | tijow /tixow/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moja | *jun /jun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | ban /ban/ | thu /θu/ | — /—/ |
| Mbili | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | bi /bi/ | zal /tsal/ | — /—/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | *utz /utz/ | utz /uts/ | malobʼ /malob/ | utz /uts/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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