Haqniqdoq
Kihani
Sino-Tibetan
Hani is a major Loloish Tibeto-Burman language of the Yunnan-Vietnam-Laos border region, with ~1.5 million speakers across the three countries. The Hani people are world-famous for their UNESCO World Heritage Site (2013) Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — a 1,300-year-old terraced rice cultivation system on the slopes of the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan, considered one of the most spectacular agricultural landscapes in the world. Linguistically, Hani has classical Loloish features: tonal (3 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture and mountain ecology. The Hani Pinyin orthography (1957) provides standardized literacy.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kihani
Maji
lol
/lo˥˥/
Moto
miq
/mi˧˩/
Jua
mol
/mo˥˥/
Mwezi
hhal
/xa˥˥/
Mama
amal
/ama˥˥/
Baba
adal
/ada˥˥/
Kula
za
/za/
Kunywa
dol
/do˥˥/
Upendo
gaq
/ɡa˧˩/
Moyo
miqsiq
/mi˧˩si˧˩/
Mti
siq
/si˧˩/
Nyumba
nyul
/ɲu˥˥/
Mbwa
kheel
/kʰe˥˥/
Paka
mil
/mi˥˥/
Mkono
leyu
/leju/
Jicho
ne
/ne/
Habari
niahuq mahuq
/niaxuq maxuq/
Asante
gaq sai
/ɡa˧˩ sai/
Moja
tiul
/tiu˥˥/
Nzuri
xa
/xa/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Sino-Tibetan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kihani | Kiazhe | Kitangut | Kitaishan | Kitujia | Kiyue cha Dongguan | Kiyue cha Gaozhou |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | lol /lo˥˥/ | ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ | 𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ | 水 /ɬui˧˧/ | zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/ | 水 /sui˧˥/ | 水 /sɵi˧˥/ |
| Moto | miq /mi˧˩/ | mi /mi˧˧/ | 𘎩 /me˧/ | 火 /fɔ˥˥/ | mi /mi˥˧/ | 火 /fɔ˧˥/ | 火 /fɔ˧˥/ |
| Jua | mol /mo˥˥/ | ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ | 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ | 日头 /ɲit˨˨hau˧˧/ | ni /ni˧˥/ | 日头 /jɐt˨˨tʰɐu˨˩/ | 日头 /jɐt˨tʰɐu˧˧/ |
| Mwezi | hhal /xa˥˥/ | ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ | 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ | 月光 /ɲut˧˧kwɔŋ˨˨/ | nie /nie˧˥/ | 月光 /jyt˨kʷɔŋ˥˥/ | 月光 /jyt˨kwɔŋ˥˥/ |
| Mama | amal /ama˥˥/ | amo /amo˧˧/ | 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ | 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ | a-mie /a˧mie˧/ | 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ | 妈妈 /maː˥˥maː˥˥/ |
| Baba | adal /ada˥˥/ | ada /ada˧˧/ | 𗥃 /pa˧/ | 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ | a-pa /a˧pa˧/ | 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ | 爸爸 /paː˨˩paː˨˩/ |
| Kula | za /za/ | dza /dza˧˧/ | 𗅋 /dzjij˧˥/ | 食 /ɬik˧˧/ | za /t͡sa˨˩/ | 食 /sɪk˨/ | 食 /sɪk˨˨/ |
| Kunywa | dol /do˥˥/ | du /du˧˧/ | 𘉞 /tʰjij˧˥/ | 饮 /ɲim˧˧/ | da /ta˧/ | 饮 /jɐm˧˥/ | 饮 /jɐm˧˥/ |
| Upendo | gaq /ɡa˧˩/ | ŋa /ŋa˧˧/ | 𗙊 /lhjij˧˥/ | 爱 /ɔi˧˧/ | aci /a˧˥t͡si˥/ | 爱 /ɔi˧˧/ | 爱 /ɔi˧˧/ |
| Moyo | miqsiq /mi˧˩si˧˩/ | si /si˧˧/ | 𘃠 /njij˧˥/ | 心 /ɬim˨˨/ | xin /ɕin˧/ | 心 /sɐm˥˥/ | 心 /sɐm˥˥/ |
| Mti | siq /si˧˩/ | sɿ /sɿ˧˧/ | 𘀇 /sji˧/ | 树 /ɬi˧˨/ | si /sɨ˧˥/ | 树 /syː˨/ | 树 /sy˨˨/ |
| Nyumba | nyul /ɲu˥˥/ | ɣɯ /ɣɯ˧˧/ | 𗩴 /kʰjwa˧˥/ | 屋 /uk˥˥/ | li /li˧˥/ | 屋 /ʊk˥/ | 屋 /ʊk˥˥/ |
| Mbwa | kheel /kʰe˥˥/ | kʰɯ /kʰɯ˧˧/ | 𗋒 /kʰwjɨ˧/ | 狗 /kau˧˧/ | kvʼ /kʰə˨˩/ | 狗 /kɐu˧˥/ | 狗 /kɐu˧˥/ |
| Paka | mil /mi˥˥/ | vi /vi˧˧/ | 𗦷 /mji˧˥/ | 猫 /miau˨˨/ | mau /mau˧/ | 猫 /maːu˥˥/ | 猫 /maːu˥˥/ |
| Mkono | leyu /leju/ | la /la˧˧/ | 𘀔 /lje˧/ | 手 /ɬau˧˧/ | lo /lo˨˩/ | 手 /sɐu˧˥/ | 手 /sɐu˧˥/ |
| Jicho | ne /ne/ | ȵi /ȵi˧˧/ | 𗞴 /mjij˧/ | 眼 /ŋaːn˧˧/ | mie /mie˨˩/ | 眼 /ŋaːn˩˧/ | 眼 /ŋaːn˩˧/ |
| Habari | niahuq mahuq /niaxuq maxuq/ | mosu /mosu˧˧/ | — /—/ | 你好 /nei˧˧hau˧˧/ | shu shu /ʃu˧ʃu˧/ | 你好 /nei˩˧hou˧˥/ | 你好 /nei˩˧hou˧˥/ |
| Asante | gaq sai /ɡa˧˩ sai/ | katɕʰɿ /katɕʰɿ˧˧/ | — /—/ | 多谢 /tɔ˨˨ɬɛ˧˨/ | angzai /aŋ˧˥t͡sai˥/ | 多谢 /tɔː˥˥tsɛː˨/ | 多谢 /tɔ˥˥tsɛ˨˨/ |
| Moja | tiul /tiu˥˥/ | tsʰɿ /tsʰɿ˧˧/ | 𘈩 /lew˧˥/ | 一 /it˥˥/ | lao /lao˧˥/ | 一 /jɐt˥/ | 一 /jɐt˥˥/ |
| Nzuri | xa /xa/ | mu /mu˧˧/ | 𗏁 /tsji˧/ | 好 /hau˧˧/ | ngaq /ŋaʔ˧˥/ | 好 /hou˧˥/ | 好 /hou˧˥/ |
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