Türkmençe
Turkmen
Turkic
Turkmen is an Oghuz Turkic language closely related to Azerbaijani and Turkish, the official language of Turkmenistan and a recognized minority language in Iran (Khorasan), Afghanistan, and Iraq. It is notable for preserving phonemic vowel length, distinguishing short and long vowels in a way most modern Turkic languages have lost, and for retaining many archaic Oghuz features. Turkmen passed through Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic scripts before adopting an updated Latin orthography in 1993.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Turkmen
Water
suw
/suːw/
Fire
ot
/ot/
Sun
gün
/ɡyːn/
Moon
aý
/ɑːj/
Star
ýyldyz
/jɯɫˈdɯz/
Mother
ene
/ene/
Father
kaka
/kaka/
I
men
/men/
You
sen
/sen/
Name
at
/ɑt/
Eye
göz
/ɡøz/
Hand
el
/el/
Heart
ýürek
/jyɾek/
Love
söýgi
/søːjɡi/
Tree
agaç
/ɑɡɑtʃ/
House
öý
/øːj/
Dog
it
/it/
Cat
pişik
/pɪʃɪk/
Eat
iýmek
/iːjmek/
Drink
içmek
/ɪtʃmek/
One
bir
/biɾ/
Two
iki
/iˈki/
Hello
salam
/sɑlɑːm/
Thank you
sagboluň
/sɑɡboluŋ/
Good
gowy
/ɡowɯ/
Cuckoo
ikatäk
/ikɑˈtæk/
Computer
kompýuter
/kompjuˈter/
Sushi
suşi
/θuˈʃi/
Words compared
Compared with related Turkic languages
| Meaning | Turkmen | Kyrgyz | Karakalpak | Karakhanid | Kumyk | Kazakh | Altai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | suw /suːw/ | суу /suː/ | suw /suw/ | suw /suw/ | сув /suv/ | су /suw/ | суу /suː/ |
| Fire | ot /ot/ | от /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | от /ot/ | от /ot/ | от /ot/ |
| Sun | gün /ɡyːn/ | күн /kyn/ | kún /kyn/ | kün /kyn/ | гюн /ɡyn/ | күн /kyn/ | кӱн /kyn/ |
| Moon | aý /ɑːj/ | ай /ɑj/ | ay /aj/ | ay /aj/ | ай /aj/ | ай /ɑj/ | ай /aj/ |
| Star | ýyldyz /jɯɫˈdɯz/ | жылдыз /dʒɯɫˈdɯz/ | juldız /ʒuldɯz/ | yultuz /jultuz/ | юлдуз /julduz/ | жұлдыз /ʒʊɫˈdəz/ | јылдыс /dʲɯlˈdɯs/ |
| Mother | ene /ene/ | эне /ene/ | ana /ana/ | ana /ana/ | ана /ana/ | ана /ɑnɑ/ | эне /ene/ |
| Father | kaka /kaka/ | ата /ɑtɑ/ | ata /ata/ | ata /ata/ | ата /ata/ | әке /æke/ | ада /ada/ |
| I | men /men/ | мен /men/ | men /men/ | men /men/ | мен /men/ | мен /men/ | мен /men/ |
| You | sen /sen/ | сен /sen/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sen/ | сен /sen/ | сен /sen/ | сен /sen/ |
| Name | at /ɑt/ | ат /at/ | at /ɑt/ | at /at/ | ат /at/ | ат /at/ | ат /at/ |
| Eye | göz /ɡøz/ | көз /køz/ | kóz /køz/ | köz /køz/ | гёз /ɡøz/ | көз /køz/ | кӧс /køs/ |
| Hand | el /el/ | кол /kol/ | qol /qol/ | qol /qol/ | къол /qol/ | қол /qol/ | кол /kol/ |
| Heart | ýürek /jyɾek/ | жүрөк /dʒyɾøk/ | júrek /ʒyɾek/ | yürek /jyrek/ | юрек /jyrek/ | жүрек /ʒyɾek/ | јӱрек /dʒyrek/ |
| Love | söýgi /søːjɡi/ | сүйүү /syjyː/ | muhabbat /muhabbat/ | sevgü /sevɡy/ | сюйюв /syjyv/ | махаббат /mɑxɑbbɑt/ | сӱӱш /syːʃ/ |
| Tree | agaç /ɑɡɑtʃ/ | жыгач /dʒɯɡɑtʃ/ | ag'ash /aʁaʃ/ | ığač /ɯɣatʃ/ | терек /terek/ | ағаш /ɑʁɑʃ/ | агаш /aɡaʃ/ |
| House | öý /øːj/ | үй /yj/ | úy /yj/ | ev /ev/ | уьй /yj/ | үй /yj/ | айыл /ajɯl/ |
| Dog | it /it/ | ит /ɪt/ | iyt /ijt/ | it /it/ | ит /it/ | ит /ɪt/ | ийт /ijt/ |
| Cat | pişik /pɪʃɪk/ | мышык /mɯʃɯk/ | pishik /piʃik/ | piši /piʃi/ | мишик /miʃik/ | мысық /mɯsɯq/ | киске /kiske/ |
| Eat | iýmek /iːjmek/ | жеш /dʒeʃ/ | jew /ʒew/ | yi- /ji/ | ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ | жеу /ʒew/ | јиир /dʒiːr/ |
| Drink | içmek /ɪtʃmek/ | ичүү /ɪtʃyː/ | ishiw /iʃiw/ | ič- /itʃ/ | ичмек /itʃmek/ | ішу /ɪʃuw/ | ичер /itʃer/ |
| One | bir /biɾ/ | бир /bɪɾ/ | bir /biɾ/ | bir /bir/ | бир /bir/ | бір /bɪɾ/ | бир /bir/ |
| Two | iki /iˈki/ | эки /eˈki/ | eki /eki/ | iki /iki/ | эки /eki/ | екі /jeˈkɘ/ | эки /eˈki/ |
| Hello | salam /sɑlɑːm/ | салам /sɑlɑm/ | salam /salam/ | salām /salaːm/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ | сәлем /sælem/ | эзен /ezen/ |
| Thank you | sagboluň /sɑɡboluŋ/ | рахмат /ɾɑxmɑt/ | rahmet /ɾaχmet/ | tabug /tabuɡ/ | савбол /savbol/ | рахмет /ɾɑxmet/ | быйан /bɯjan/ |
| Good | gowy /ɡowɯ/ | жакшы /dʒɑkʃɯ/ | jaqsi /ʒaqsɯ/ | yaqšı /jaqʃɯ/ | яхшы /jaχʃə/ | жақсы /ʒɑqsɯ/ | јакшы /dʒaqʃɯ/ |
| Cuckoo | ikatäk /ikɑˈtæk/ | күкүк /kyˈkyk/ | átshók /ætˈʃøk/ | — | атъёкъ /atˈjoq/ | көкек /kœˈkek/ | кӱӱк /kyːk/ |
| Computer | kompýuter /kompjuˈter/ | компьютер /komˈpjuter/ | kompyuter /kompjuˈter/ | — | компьютер /kɐmˈpjuter/ | компьютер /kɐmˈpjutɨr/ | компьютер /komˈpjuter/ |
| Sushi | suşi /θuˈʃi/ | суши /suˈʃi/ | sushi /suˈʃi/ | — | суши /suˈʃi/ | суши /suˈʃɪ/ | суши /suˈʃi/ |
Word order compared
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