ལ་དྭགས་སྐད

Ladakhi

Sino-Tibetan

FamilySino-Tibetan Speakers~110K ScriptTibetan script CountriesIndia Official inIndia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lbj

Ladakhi (Bhoti, autonymously La-dwags-skad) is a Western Tibetic Bodish language of the Ladakh region of India, the easternmost Tibetic language in the Indian Himalayas. Sister to Balti (bft) within the Ladakhi-Balti subgroup, Ladakhi has retained many archaic phonological features lost in Central Tibetan (bo), including initial consonant clusters and a richer vowel system. Buddhist monastic tradition has produced extensive religious literature in Classical Tibetan with Ladakhi commentary; the local script tradition uses Tibetan uchen with regional Bhoti adaptations. Following Ladakh's 2019 elevation to Union Territory status, Ladakhi gained increased official recognition alongside Hindi, Urdu, and English. Norman's 2010 Ladakhi-English Dictionary and Koshal's 1979 Ladakhi Grammar are the major modern reference works.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Ladakhi

Water

ཆུ

/tɕʰu/

Fire

མེ

/me/

Sun

ཉི་མ

/ɲima/

Moon

ཟླ་བ

/zlawa/

Mother

ཨ་མ

/ama/

Father

ཨ་པ

/apa/

Eat

/za/

Drink

འཐུང

/tʰuŋ/

Love

དགའ

/ɡa/

Heart

སྙིང

/ɲiŋ/

Tree

ཤིང

/ʃiŋ/

House

ཁང་པ

/kʰaŋpa/

Dog

ཁྱི

/kʰi/

Cat

བྱི་ལ

/pila/

Hand

ལག་པ

/lakpa/

Eye

མིག

/mik/

Hello

ཇུ་ལེ

/dʑule/

Thank you

ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ

/tʰuktɕetɕʰe/

One

གཅིག

/tɕik/

Good

ཡག་པོ

/jakpo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning LadakhiBaltiKhams TibetanSherpaClassical TibetanSikkimeseLiturgical Classical Tibetan
Water ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Mother ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ /pʰa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཡབ /jab/
Eat /za/ /za/ /za/ /za/ བཟའ /za/ /za/ བཟའ /sa/
Drink འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ ཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/
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