Haqniqdoq

Hani

Sino-Tibetan

FamilySino-Tibetan Speakers~1.5M (China ~1.4M + Vietnam ~12K + Laos ~25K) ScriptLatin CountriesChina Official inChina Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hni

Hani is a major Loloish Tibeto-Burman language of the Yunnan-Vietnam-Laos border region, with ~1.5 million speakers across the three countries. The Hani people are world-famous for their UNESCO World Heritage Site (2013) Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — a 1,300-year-old terraced rice cultivation system on the slopes of the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan, considered one of the most spectacular agricultural landscapes in the world. Linguistically, Hani has classical Loloish features: tonal (3 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture and mountain ecology. The Hani Pinyin orthography (1957) provides standardized literacy.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Hani

Water

lol

/lo˥˥/

Fire

miq

/mi˧˩/

Sun

mol

/mo˥˥/

Moon

hhal

/xa˥˥/

Mother

amal

/ama˥˥/

Father

adal

/ada˥˥/

Eat

za

/za/

Drink

dol

/do˥˥/

Love

gaq

/ɡa˧˩/

Heart

miqsiq

/mi˧˩si˧˩/

Tree

siq

/si˧˩/

House

nyul

/ɲu˥˥/

Dog

kheel

/kʰe˥˥/

Cat

mil

/mi˥˥/

Hand

leyu

/leju/

Eye

ne

/ne/

Hello

niahuq mahuq

/niaxuq maxuq/

Thank you

gaq sai

/ɡa˧˩ sai/

One

tiul

/tiu˥˥/

Good

xa

/xa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning HaniAzheTangutTaishaneseTujiaDongguan YueGaozhou Yue
Water lol /lo˥˥/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ 𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ /ɬui˧˧/ zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/ /sui˧˥/ /sɵi˧˥/
Fire miq /mi˧˩/ mi /mi˧˧/ 𘎩 /me˧/ /fɔ˥˥/ mi /mi˥˧/ /fɔ˧˥/ /fɔ˧˥/
Sun mol /mo˥˥/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ 日头 /ɲit˨˨hau˧˧/ ni /ni˧˥/ 日头 /jɐt˨˨tʰɐu˨˩/ 日头 /jɐt˨tʰɐu˧˧/
Moon hhal /xa˥˥/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ 月光 /ɲut˧˧kwɔŋ˨˨/ nie /nie˧˥/ 月光 /jyt˨kʷɔŋ˥˥/ 月光 /jyt˨kwɔŋ˥˥/
Mother amal /ama˥˥/ amo /amo˧˧/ 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ a-mie /a˧mie˧/ 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ 妈妈 /maː˥˥maː˥˥/
Father adal /ada˥˥/ ada /ada˧˧/ 𗥃 /pa˧/ 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ a-pa /a˧pa˧/ 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ 爸爸 /paː˨˩paː˨˩/
Eat za /za/ dza /dza˧˧/ 𗅋 /dzjij˧˥/ /ɬik˧˧/ za /t͡sa˨˩/ /sɪk˨/ /sɪk˨˨/
Drink dol /do˥˥/ du /du˧˧/ 𘉞 /tʰjij˧˥/ /ɲim˧˧/ da /ta˧/ /jɐm˧˥/ /jɐm˧˥/
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