Haqniqdoq

Hani

Sino-Tibetan

FamilySino-Tibetan Speakers~1.5M (China ~1.4M + Vietnam ~12K + Laos ~25K) ScriptLatin CountriesChina Official inNo (Standard Chinese is the national language; minority languages are protected under Article 4 of the Constitution) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hni

Hani is a major Loloish Tibeto-Burman language of the Yunnan-Vietnam-Laos border region, with ~1.5 million speakers across the three countries. The Hani people are world-famous for their UNESCO World Heritage Site (2013) Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — a 1,300-year-old terraced rice cultivation system on the slopes of the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan, considered one of the most spectacular agricultural landscapes in the world. Linguistically, Hani has classical Loloish features: tonal (3 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture and mountain ecology. The Hani Pinyin orthography (1957) provides standardized literacy.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Hani

Water

lol

/lo˥˥/

Fire

miq

/mi˧˩/

Sun

mol

/mo˥˥/

Moon

hhal

/xa˥˥/

Star

aoqssi

/ɑ˥si˩/

Mother

amal

/ama˥˥/

Father

adal

/ada˥˥/

I

ngal

/ŋɑ́/

You

nol

/no˩/

Name

milq

/mi˥/

Eye

miavq

/mjaʔ/

Hand

leyu

/leju/

Heart

miqsiq

/mi˧˩si˧˩/

Love

gaq

/ɡa˧˩/

Tree

siq

/si˧˩/

House

nyul

/ɲu˥˥/

Dog

kheel

/kʰe˥˥/

Cat

mil

/mi˥˥/

Eat

za

/za/

Drink

dol

/do˥˥/

One

tiul

/tiu˥˥/

Two

nyiq

/ɲi˥/

Hello

niahuq mahuq

/niaxuq maxuq/

Thank you

gaq sai

/ɡa˧˩ sai/

Good

xa

/xa/

Cuckoo

xú bū

/xú bū/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning HaniAzheXiang Chinese (Yongzhou dialect)Xiang (Hengyang)TangutTaishaneseDongguan Yue
Water lol /lo˥˥/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ /tshui˨˩/ /ɕyei˥˩/ 𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ /ɬui˧˧/ /sui˧˥/
Fire miq /mi˧˩/ mi /mī/ /fu˨˩/ /xo˥˩/ 𘎩 /me˧/ /fɔ˥˥/ /fɔ˧˥/
Sun mol /mo˥˥/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ /nit˥˦/ 太陽 /tʰai˥˩ iaŋ˥˩/ 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ 日头 /ɲit˨˨heu˧˧/ 日头 /jɐt˨tʰɐu˨˩/
Moon hhal /xa˥˥/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ /ŋɔ̃˥˦/ 月亮 /ye˨˩ liaŋ˥˩/ 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ 月光 /ɲut˧˧kwɔŋ˨˨/ 月光 /jyt˨kʷɔŋ˥˥/
Star aoqssi /ɑ˥si˩/ kɿ /kɿ˧/ /ɕin˧˧/ /ɕin˧˧/ 𗄓 /gjɨ˧˥/ /ɬaŋ˧/ /sɛŋ˥/
Mother amal /ama˥˥/ amo /amo˧˧/ /ma˧˥/ 媽媽 /ma˥˩ ma˥˩/ 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/ 阿妈 /a˧˧ma˥˥/
Father adal /ada˥˥/ ada /ada˧˧/ /pa˧˥/ 爸爸 /pa˨˩ pa˥˩/ 𗥃 /pa˧/ 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/ 阿爸 /a˧˧pa˥˥/
I ngal /ŋɑ́/ ŋa /ŋā/ /ŋo˦˩/ /ŋo˨˩/ 𗧓 /ŋa˧˥/ /ŋɔi˧/ /ŋɔ˩˧/
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