Tangkhul

Tangkhul Naga

Sino-Tibetan

FamilySino-Tibetan Speakers~140K (~125K India + ~15K Myanmar) ScriptLatin CountriesIndia Official inNo (Manipuri is sole state official in Manipur; Tangkhul recognized regional Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3nmf

Tangkhul Naga is one of the largest Naga languages, spoken by ~140,000 Tangkhul people in the Ukhrul District of Manipur, India, and the Somra Hills of Sagaing Region, Myanmar. The Tangkhul are part of the broader Naga ethnopolitical complex (~3M Nagas across NE India and Myanmar) but linguistically distinct: Tangkhulic is one of the most divergent groups within Naga linguistics, separated from other Naga and Kuki-Chin languages by significant grammatical and lexical differences. Tangkhul has classical Tibeto-Burman features (tonal, SOV, polypersonal verb morphology) but unique Tangkhulic phonological features. The London Missionary Society introduced Latin literacy in the early 20th century, and the New Testament was translated into Tangkhul (Pettigrew 1925).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tangkhul Naga

Water

ze

/ze/

Fire

mei

/mei/

Sun

nyithui

/ɲitʰui/

Moon

lai

/lai/

Mother

ina

/ina/

Father

apa

/apa/

Eat

ngui

/ŋui/

Drink

rai

/rai/

Love

cha

/tʃa/

Heart

mokyaba

/mokjaba/

Tree

leiyik

/leijik/

House

shim

/ʃim/

Dog

ui

/ui/

Cat

mibu

/mibu/

Hand

phei

/pʰei/

Eye

mi

/mi/

Hello

hayau

/hajau/

Thank you

ase

/ase/

One

kha

/kʰa/

Good

kahei

/kahei/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning Tangkhul NagaZeme NagaHakha ChinKurtöpMizoIbanMeitei
Water ze /ze/ nki /nki/ ti /ti/ khwe /kʰwe/ tui /tui/ ai /ai/ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/
Fire mei /mei/ mei /mei/ mei /mei/ mi /mi/ mei /mei/ api /api/ ꯃꯩ /mei/
Sun nyithui /ɲitʰui/ sʰeu /sʰeu/ ni /ni/ ningpe /niŋpe/ ni /ni/ mata-ari /mataari/ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/
Moon lai /lai/ kʰu /kʰu/ thla /tʰla/ lai /lai/ thla /tʰla/ bulan /bulan/ ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/
Mother ina /ina/ nem /nem/ nu /nu/ amai /amai/ nu /nu/ indai /indai/ ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/
Father apa /apa/ ape /ape/ pa /pa/ apai /apai/ pa /pa/ apai /apai/ ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/
Eat ngui /ŋui/ so /so/ ei /ei/ za /za/ ei /ei/ makai /makai/ ꯆꯥꯕ /tʃaːba/
Drink rai /rai/ hʷu /hʷu/ din /din/ thung /tʰuŋ/ in /in/ ngirup /ŋirup/ ꯊꯛꯄ /tʰakpa/
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