Tangkhul

Tangkhul Naga

Sino-Tibetan

FamilySino-Tibetan Speakers~140K (~125K India + ~15K Myanmar) ScriptLatin CountriesIndia Official inNo (Manipuri is the sole state official language in Manipur; Tangkhul is recognized regionally) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3nmf

Tangkhul Naga is one of the largest Naga languages, spoken by ~140,000 Tangkhul people in the Ukhrul District of Manipur, India, and the Somra Hills of Sagaing Region, Myanmar. The Tangkhul are part of the broader Naga ethnopolitical complex (~3M Nagas across NE India and Myanmar) but linguistically distinct: Tangkhulic is one of the most divergent groups within Naga linguistics, separated from other Naga and Kuki-Chin languages by significant grammatical and lexical differences. Tangkhul has classical Tibeto-Burman features (tonal, SOV, polypersonal verb morphology) but unique Tangkhulic phonological features. The London Missionary Society introduced Latin literacy in the early 20th century, and the New Testament was translated into Tangkhul (Pettigrew 1925).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tangkhul Naga

Water

ze

/ze/

Fire

mei

/mei/

Sun

nyithui

/ɲitʰui/

Moon

lai

/lai/

Star

sira

/siraː/

Mother

ina

/ina/

Father

apa

/apa/

I

i

/i/

You

na

/na/

Name

amin

/amin/

Eye

mi

/mi/

Hand

phei

/pʰei/

Heart

mokyaba

/mokjaba/

Love

cha

/tʃa/

Tree

leiyik

/leijik/

House

shim

/ʃim/

Dog

ui

/ui/

Cat

mibu

/mibu/

Eat

ngui

/ŋui/

Drink

rai

/rai/

One

kha

/kʰa/

Two

khani

/kʰani/

Hello

hayau

/hajau/

Thank you

ase

/ase/

Good

kahei

/kahei/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan languages

Meaning Tangkhul NagaZeme NagaHakha ChinMizoMeiteiIbanKurtöp
Water ze /ze/ nki /nki/ ti /ti/ tui /tui/ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/ ai /ai/ khwe /kʰwe/
Fire mei /mei/ mei /mei/ mei /mei/ mei /mei/ ꯃꯩ /mei/ api /api/ mi /mi/
Sun nyithui /ɲitʰui/ sʰeu /sʰeu/ ni /ni/ ni /ni/ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/ mata-ari /mataari/ ningpe /niŋpe/
Moon lai /lai/ kʰu /kʰu/ thla /tʰla/ thla /tʰla/ ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/ bulan /bulan/ lai /lai/
Star sira /siraː/ tara /taɾa/ arfi /ʔarfi/ arsi /arsi/ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ /tʰawanmitɕak/ bintang /bintaŋ/ karma /karma/
Mother ina /ina/ nem /nem/ nu /nu/ nu /nu/ ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/ indai /indai/ amai /amai/
Father apa /apa/ ape /ape/ pa /pa/ pa /pa/ ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/ apai /apai/ apai /apai/
I i /i/ ge /ge/ kei /kei/ kei /kei/ ꯑꯩ /əi/ aku /aku/ ngat /ŋat/
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