བལ་ཏི་སྐད

Balti

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Tibetic, Western — Ladakhi-Balti subgroup)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Tibetic, Western — Ladakhi-Balti subgroup) Speakers~440K (Pakistan ~400K + India ~40K) ScriptTibetan CountriesPakistan Official inPakistan Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3bft

Balti is a Western Tibetic language of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, and Kargil Ladakh, India. The Balti people are predominantly Shia Muslim and form one of the largest Tibetic-speaking communities outside ethnic Tibet, with the historic Balti kingdom (Skardu) being a key node on Silk Road / Karakoram trade routes. Balti preserves classical Tibetic vowel system and many archaic features lost in Central Tibetan (bo). Today the Tibetan script is used liturgically and culturally, but Perso-Arabic-script Balti is the standard for everyday writing and education in Pakistan. Linguistically, Balti is one of the Western Archaic Tibetic varieties, retaining initial cluster ʔo, ʁc, etc. that simplified in Lhasa Tibetan.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Balti

Water

ཆུ

/tɕʰu/

Fire

མེ

/me/

Sun

ཉི་མ

/ɲima/

Moon

ཟླ་བ

/dawa/

Mother

ཨ་མ

/ama/

Father

ཨ་ཕ

/apʰa/

Eat

/za/

Drink

ཐུང་

/tʰuŋ/

Love

དགའ་བ

/ɡaba/

Heart

སྙིང

/ɲiŋ/

Tree

ཤིང

/ɕiŋ/

House

ཁང་པ

/kʰaŋpa/

Dog

ཁྱི

/kʰi/

Cat

བྱི་ལ

/bjila/

Hand

ལག་པ

/lakpa/

Eye

མིག

/mik/

Hello

ཨ་སི་ལམ

/asilam/

Thank you

བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ

/kadrintɕʰe/

One

གཅིག

/tɕik/

Good

ཡག་པོ

/jakpo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Tibetic, Western — Ladakhi-Balti subgroup) languages

Meaning BaltiKhams TibetanClassical TibetanLadakhiDzongkhaSherpaLiturgical Classical Tibetan
Water ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Mother ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ /pʰa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཡབ /jab/
Eat /za/ /za/ བཟའ /za/ /za/ བཟའ /za/ /za/ བཟའ /sa/
Drink ཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/
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