ཆོས་སྐད

Classical Tibetan

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish) · historical / hidden variety

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish) SpeakersLiturgical (Tibetan Buddhism) ScriptTibetan (Uchen) ྑ CountriesTibet (originally), China, Mongolia, India, Bhutan, Nepal Official inTibetan Buddhist liturgical language Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xct

Classical Tibetan refers to the literary form of Tibetan from c. 7th-12th centuries CE, the standard used for the translation of the Buddhist canon (Kangyur and Tengyur) from Sanskrit and for indigenous Tibetan literature. Its orthography preserves Old Tibetan consonant clusters and finals that have been heavily simplified in spoken Lhasa Tibetan. It remains the active liturgical and scholastic language of Tibetan Buddhism worldwide, including the Mongolian, Bhutanese, and Western diaspora.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Classical Tibetan

Water

ཆུ

/tɕʰu/

Fire

མེ

/me/

Sun

ཉི་མ

/ɲima/

Moon

ཟླ་བ

/dawa/

Star

སྐར་མ

/karma/

Mother

ཨ་མ

/ama/

Father

/pʰa/

I

/ŋa/

You

ཁྱོད

/tɕʰø/

Name

མིང

/miŋ/

Eye

མིག

/mik/

Hand

ལག་པ

/lakpa/

Heart

སྙིང

/ɲiŋ/

Love

དགའ་བ

/ɡawa/

Tree

ཤིང

/ɕiŋ/

House

ཁྱིམ

/tɕʰim/

Dog

ཁྱི

/tɕʰi/

Cat

བྱི་ལ

/bila/

Eat

བཟའ

/za/

Drink

འཐུང

/tʰuŋ/

One

གཅིག

/tɕik/

Two

གཉིས

/ɲiː/

Hello

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས

/tʂaʃi deleks/

Thank you

ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ

/tʰukdʑe tɕʰe/

Good

ཡག་པོ

/jakpo/

Cuckoo

ཁུ་བྱུག

/kʰu bjuɡ/

Computer

རྩིས་པ

/rtsis pa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish) languages

Meaning Classical TibetanLiturgical Classical TibetanBaltiKhams TibetanDzongkhaSikkimeseLadakhi
Water ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/
Star སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /kaːma/ སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/
Mother ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father /pʰa/ ཡབ /jab/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/
I /ŋa/ /ŋa/ /ŋa/ /ŋà/ /ŋa/ ང་ /ŋa/ /ŋa/
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