Euskara

Basque

Language isolate

FamilyLanguage isolate Speakers~750K ScriptLatin CountriesSpain (Basque Country), France Official inSpain (co-official) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3eus

Also known as: Basque, Euskara

Basque (Euskara) is a language isolate — not demonstrably related to any other living language family — with ~750K speakers in the Basque Country spanning northeastern Spain (Hegoalde: Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, Araba, Navarre) and southwestern France (Iparralde: Lapurdi, Lower Navarre, Soule). It is co-official with Spanish in the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre. As the only surviving pre-Indo-European language of Western Europe, Basque predates Latin in the region (Roman-era Aquitanian inscriptions are likely a Basque ancestor). Linguistically distinctive for ergative-absolutive case marking (rare in Europe), polypersonal verbal agreement encoding subject, direct object, and indirect object simultaneously, and SOV word order. The standardized form Euskara Batua was developed by the Royal Academy of the Basque Language (Euskaltzaindia) starting 1968, drawing primarily on the central Gipuzkoan dialect. Strong revitalization since the 1980s through ikastolak (Basque-medium schools).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Basque

Water

ur

/ur/

Fire

su

/su/

Sun

eguzki

/eɣuski/

Moon

ilargi

/ilaɾɣi/

Star

izar

/is̻ar/

Mother

ama

/ama/

Father

aita

/aita/

I

ni

/ni/

You

hi

/hi/

Name

izen

/is̻en/

Eye

begi

/beɣi/

Hand

esku

/esku/

Heart

bihotz

/biots/

Love

maitasun

/maitasun/

Tree

zuhaitz

/suaits/

House

etxe

/etʃe/

Dog

txakur

/tʃakur/

Cat

katu

/katu/

Eat

jan

/jan/

Drink

edan

/eðan/

One

bat

/bat/

Two

bi

/bi/

Hello

kaixo

/kaiʃo/

Thank you

eskerrik asko

/esˈkerik ˈasko/

Good

on

/on/

Cuckoo

kuku

/ˈkuku/

Woof

au au

/au au/

Computer

ordenagailu

/ordenaˈɡai̯lu/

Sushi

sushi

/s̺uʃi/

Dopamine

dopamina

/dopaˈmina/

At sign (@)

a bildua

/a βilˈdua/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Language isolate languages

Meaning BasqueRomanshSardinianBulgarianHebrewMaliseet-PassamaquoddyPiedmontese
Water ur /ur/ aua /awa/ abba /abba/ вода /vɔda/ מים /majim/ samaqan /samakʷan/ eva /ˈeva/
Fire su /su/ fieu /fjew/ fogu /foɣu/ огън /ɔɡɤn/ אש /eʃ/ skwut /skʷut/ feu /føː/
Sun eguzki /eɣuski/ sulegl /suleʎ/ sole /sole/ слънце /slɤntsɛ/ שמש /ʃemeʃ/ kisuhs /kisuhs/ sol /sol/
Moon ilargi /ilaɾɣi/ glina /ɡlina/ luna /luna/ луна /luna/ ירח /jaˈʁeaχ/ nipawset /nipawset/ lun-a /ˈlyŋa/
Star izar /is̻ar/ staila /ˈʃtai̯la/ istella /isˈtɛlːa/ звезда /zvɛzˈda/ כוכב /koˈxav/ possesom /pəsːesɒm/ stèila /ˈstɛjla/
Mother ama /ama/ mamma /mama/ mama /mama/ майка /majka/ אמא /ima/ nikuwoss /nikuwoss/ mare /ˈmare/
Father aita /aita/ bab /bap/ babbu /babbu/ баща /bɐʃˈta/ אבא /aba/ mihtaqs /mihtaqs/ pare /ˈpare/
I ni /ni/ jau /jaw/ deo /ˈdɛo/ аз /as/ אני /aˈni/ nil /nil/ mi /mi/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Basque
Nik hotelaren aurreko dendan ikusi nuen trajea probatu nahi dut
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

クアニ トイタ ノ ペカ ウェン パ ヌカラ アミプ ルスイ
Basque
Nik hotelaren aurreko dendan ikusi nuen trajea probatu nahi dut
𒈠|ma 𒂍𒉡𒌦|e₂-nu-un 𒆠𒁀|ki-ba 𒂍𒌓|e₂-ud 𒆠|ki 𒁀𒊏|ba-ra 𒆠𒁀|ki-ba 𒊏|ra 𒁉|bi

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