بُروشَسکی

Burushaski

Language isolate

FamilyLanguage isolate Speakers~100K ScriptPerso-Arabic / Latin (academic) CountriesPakistan (Hunza, Yasin, Nagar) Official inNo (recognized regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3bsk

Burushaski is a language isolate spoken in the Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin valleys of the Karakoram mountains in northern Pakistan. Despite over a century of comparative work attempting to link it with Caucasian, Yeniseian, or Indo-European, no convincing genetic relations have been established. Burushaski has four noun classes (human male, human female, countable non-human, mass) and an extraordinarily rich verb-prefix pronominal system, plus retroflex consonants from areal contact.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Burushaski

Water

čhil

/ʈʂʰil/

Fire

phu

/pʰu/

Sun

/saː/

Moon

hálance

/halantse/

Mother

ámi

/ami/

Father

ússa

/usːa/

Eat

ši-

/ʂi/

Drink

minas

/minas/

Love

yarum

/jarum/

Heart

-us

/us/

Tree

tom

/tom/

House

ha

/ha/

Dog

huk

/huk/

Cat

bushi

/buʂi/

Hand

-rin

/rin/

Eye

-lčin

/lʈʂin/

Hello

šuá

/ʂuaː/

Thank you

shukria

/ʃukrija/

One

hin

/hin/

Good

shua

/ʂua/

Words compared

Compared with related Language isolate languages

Meaning BurushaskiBislamaTok PisinNiueanHindkoPijinElamite
Water čhil /ʈʂʰil/ wota /wota/ wara /waɾa/ vai /vai/ پانی /paːniː/ wata /wata/ 𒄭 /hi/
Fire phu /pʰu/ faea /faea/ paia /paja/ afi /afi/ اگ /aɡ/ faea /faja/ 𒉺𒅈 /par/
Sun /saː/ san /san/ san /san/ /laː/ سورج /soːraj/ san /san/ 𒀭𒈾𒄴𒄭𒌅 /nahhunte/
Moon hálance /halantse/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mahina /mahina/ چن /tʃan/ mun /mun/ 𒀭𒈾𒁉𒅕 /napir/
Mother ámi /ami/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ matua fifine /matua fifine/ ماں /mãː/ mami /mami/ 𒀀𒈠 /amma/
Father ússa /usːa/ papa /papa/ papa /papa/ matua taane /matua taːne/ پیو /pju/ dadi /dadi/ 𒀜𒋫 /atta/
Eat ši- /ʂi/ kakae /kakae/ kaikai /kajkaj/ kai /kai/ کھانا /kʰaːnaː/ kaikai /kajkaj/ 𒄩𒊭 /haʃ/
Drink minas /minas/ dring /driŋ/ dring /dɾiŋ/ inu /inu/ پینا /piːnaː/ dring /driŋ/ 𒉡 /nu/
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