بُروشَسکی

Burushaski

Language isolate

FamilyLanguage isolate Speakers~100K ScriptPerso-Arabic / Latin (academic) CountriesPakistan (Hunza, Yasin, Nagar) Official inNo (recognized regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3bsk

Burushaski is a language isolate spoken in the Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin valleys of the Karakoram mountains in northern Pakistan. Despite over a century of comparative work attempting to link it with Caucasian, Yeniseian, or Indo-European, no convincing genetic relations have been established. Burushaski has four noun classes (human male, human female, countable non-human, mass) and an extraordinarily rich verb-prefix pronominal system, plus retroflex consonants from areal contact.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Burushaski

Water

čhil

/ʈʂʰil/

Fire

phu

/pʰu/

Sun

/saː/

Moon

hálance

/halantse/

Star

asé

/aˈse/

Mother

ámi

/ami/

Father

ússa

/usːa/

I

je

/dʑe/

You

un

/un/

Name

ik

/ik/

Eye

-lčin

/lʈʂin/

Hand

-rin

/rin/

Heart

-us

/us/

Love

yarum

/jarum/

Tree

tom

/tom/

House

ha

/ha/

Dog

huk

/huk/

Cat

bushi

/buʂi/

Eat

ši-

/ʂi/

Drink

minas

/minas/

One

hin

/hin/

Two

altó

/alˈto/

Hello

šuá

/ʂuaː/

Thank you

shukria

/ʃukrija/

Good

shua

/ʂua/

Words compared

Compared with related Language isolate languages

Meaning BurushaskiRapanuiNiueanBislamaTok PisinPashaiTuvaluan
Water čhil /ʈʂʰil/ vai /vai/ vai /vai/ wota /wota/ wara /waɾa/ واری /waːri/ vai /vai/
Fire phu /pʰu/ ahi /ahi/ afi /afi/ faea /faea/ paia /paja/ انگاری /aŋɡaːri/ afi /afi/
Sun /saː/ raʻā /raʔaː/ /laː/ san /san/ san /san/ سور /sur/ laa /laː/
Moon hálance /halantse/ mahina /mahina/ mahina /mahina/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ مس /mas/ masina /masina/
Star asé /aˈse/ hetuʻu /heˈtuʔu/ fetū /feˈtuː/ sta /sta/ sta /sta/ تارا /taːraː/ fetū /feˈtuː/
Mother ámi /ami/ matuʻa vahine /matuʔa vahine/ matua fifine /matua fifine/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ نا /naː/ maatua /maːtua/
Father ússa /usːa/ matuʻa tāne /matuʔa taːne/ matua taane /matua taːne/ papa /papa/ papa /papa/ تاتا /taːtaː/ tamana /tamana/
I je /dʑe/ au /au/ au /au/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/ آ /aː/ au /au/
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