Български
Bulgarian
Indo-European (Slavic, South)
Bulgarian (български език) is a South Slavic language with ~7M speakers, official in Bulgaria and the European Union. With Macedonian it forms the Eastern South Slavic group. Bulgarian is unusual among Slavic languages for losing the Slavic case system (only vocative remains) and developing a postposed definite article (книга "book" → книгата "the book") and an evidential mood. Old Bulgarian is the basis of Old Church Slavonic, written in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets developed by the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Bulgarian
Water
вода
/vɔda/
Fire
огън
/ɔɡɤn/
Sun
слънце
/slɤnt͡sɛ/
Moon
луна
/luna/
Mother
майка
/majka/
Father
баща
/baʃta/
Eat
ям
/jam/
Drink
пия
/pijɐ/
Love
любов
/ljubɔf/
Heart
сърце
/sɤrt͡sɛ/
Tree
дърво
/dɤrvɔ/
House
къща
/kɤʃtɐ/
Dog
куче
/kut͡ʃɛ/
Cat
котка
/kɔtka/
Hand
ръка
/rɤka/
Eye
око
/ɔkɔ/
Hello
здравей
/zdravɛj/
Thank you
благодаря
/blaɡɔdarʲa/
One
един
/ɛdin/
Good
добър
/dɔbɤr/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Slavic, South) languages
| Meaning | Bulgarian | Macedonian | Polish | Kashubian | Slovenian | Ukrainian | Silesian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | вода /vɔda/ | вода /ˈvɔda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | voda /voːda/ | вода /vɔˈdɑ/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ |
| Fire | огън /ɔɡɤn/ | оган /ˈɔɡan/ | ogień /ˈɔɡɛɲ/ | ogniô /ˈɔɡɲɔ/ | ogenj /oːɡənj/ | вогонь /voˈɦonʲ/ | ôgyń /ˈɔɡɨɲ/ |
| Sun | слънце /slɤnt͡sɛ/ | сонце /ˈsɔnt͡sɛ/ | słońce /ˈswɔɲt͡sɛ/ | słuńce /ˈswuɲt͡sɛ/ | sonce /soːnt͡sɛ/ | сонце /sɔnt͡sɛ/ | słōńce /ˈswɔɲt͡sɛ/ |
| Moon | луна /luna/ | месечина /mɛˈsɛt͡ʃina/ | księżyc /ˈkɕɛ̃ʐɨt͡s/ | ksãżëc /ˈksɔ̃ʐɨt͡s/ | luna /luːna/ | місяць /ˈmʲisʲɑt͡sʲ/ | miesiōnczek /mʲɛˈɕɔ̃t͡ʂɛk/ |
| Mother | майка /majka/ | мајка /ˈmajka/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | mëma /ˈmɨma/ | mati /maːti/ | мати /mɑtɪ/ | mamulka /maˈmulka/ |
| Father | баща /baʃta/ | татко /ˈtatkɔ/ | ojciec /ˈɔjt͡ɕɛt͡s/ | tatk /tatk/ | oče /oːt͡ʃɛ/ | батько /bɑtʲkɔ/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ |
| Eat | ям /jam/ | јаде /ˈjadɛ/ | jeść /jɛɕt͡ɕ/ | jesc /jɛst͡s/ | jesti /jɛːsti/ | їсти /jistɪ/ | jeść /jɛɕt͡ɕ/ |
| Drink | пия /pijɐ/ | пие /ˈpiɛ/ | pić /pit͡ɕ/ | pic /pit͡s/ | piti /piːti/ | пити /pɪtɪ/ | pić /pit͡ɕ/ |
| Love | любов /ljubɔf/ | љубов /ˈʎubɔv/ | miłość /ˈmiwɔɕt͡ɕ/ | lubota /luˈbɔta/ | ljubezen /ljubeːzɛn/ | любов /lʲubɔw/ | miyłość /ˈmʲɨwɔɕt͡ɕ/ |
| Heart | сърце /sɤrt͡sɛ/ | срце /ˈsərt͡sɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrt͡sɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrt͡sɛ/ | srce /sərt͡sɛ/ | серце /sɛrt͡sɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrt͡sɛ/ |
| Tree | дърво /dɤrvɔ/ | дрво /ˈdərvɔ/ | drzewo /ˈd͡ʐɛvɔ/ | drzewo /ˈd͡ʐɛvɔ/ | drevo /dɾeːʋo/ | дерево /dɛrɛwɔ/ | strōm /strɔm/ |
| House | къща /kɤʃtɐ/ | куќа /ˈkut͡ɕa/ | dom /dɔm/ | chëcz /xɨt͡ʃ/ | hiša /xiːʃa/ | дім /dim/ | chałpa /ˈxawpa/ |
| Dog | куче /kut͡ʃɛ/ | куче /ˈkut͡ʃɛ/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pes /pɛːs/ | собака /sɔbɑkɑ/ | pies /pjɛs/ |
| Cat | котка /kɔtka/ | мачка /ˈmat͡ʃka/ | kot /kɔt/ | kòt /kʷɔt/ | mačka /maːt͡ʃka/ | кішка /ˈkʲiʃkɐ/ | kot /kɔt/ |
| Hand | ръка /rɤka/ | рака /ˈraka/ | ręka /ˈrɛŋka/ | rãka /ˈrɔ̃ka/ | roka /ɾɔːka/ | рука /rukɑ/ | ryncka /ˈrɨnt͡ska/ |
| Eye | око /ɔkɔ/ | око /ˈɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈɔkɔ/ | òkò /wɔkwɔ/ | oko /ɔːko/ | око /ɔkɔ/ | ôko /ˈɔkɔ/ |
| Hello | здравей /zdravɛj/ | здраво /ˈzdravɔ/ | cześć /t͡ʂɛɕt͡ɕ/ | witôj /ˈvitwɔj/ | živjo /ʒiːʋjo/ | привіт /prɪwit/ | serwus /ˈsɛrvus/ |
| Thank you | благодаря /blaɡɔdarʲa/ | благодарам /blaˈɡɔdaram/ | dziękuję /d͡ʑɛŋˈkujɛ/ | dzãki /ˈd͡zɔ̃ki/ | hvala /xʋaːla/ | дякую /dʲɑkuju/ | dziynkuja /ˈd͡ʑɨŋkuja/ |
| One | един /ɛdin/ | еден /ˈɛdɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | eden /ɛːdən/ | один /ɔdɪn/ | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ |
| Good | добър /dɔbɤr/ | добар /ˈdɔbar/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobri /ˈdɔbri/ | dober /doːbər/ | добрий /ˈdɔbrɪj/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ |
Word order compared
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