Nawat
Kipipil
Kiuto-Azteki
Kinawat (kinachoitwa pia Pipil, na jina lake la asili Nawat) ni lugha ya Kinahua ya Kiuto-Azteki inayotokana na wahamiaji waliokuwa wakizungumza Kinahuatl cha Kale waliohamia kusini kutoka Mexico ya kati hadi El Salvador karibu mwaka 800-900 BK. Watu wa Pipil wanaozungumza Kinawat walidumisha lugha yao ya kiasili kwa miaka 800 kabla ya kuathirika vibaya na mauaji ya La Matanza ya mwaka 1932, ambapo serikali ya El Salvador iliua watu wa kiasili wanaokadiriwa kuwa 10,000 hadi 40,000, wengi wao wakiwa wazungumzaji wa Kinawat. Baada ya mwaka 1932, wazungumzaji wa Kinawat walionusurika walificha utambulisho na lugha yao ya kiasili kwa usalama, jambo lililosababisha mabadiliko ya lugha karibu kabisa. Leo, wamesalia wazungumzaji fasaha wapatao 500 hadi 2000 tu, takriban wote wakiwa wazee. Juhudi za uhuishaji tangu miaka ya 1990 ni pamoja na programu za elimu ya lugha mbili, programu ya shahada ya lugha ya Kinawat katika Chuo Kikuu cha Don Bosco, na mradi wa uhuishaji wa kitamaduni wa Kinawat wa IRIN-USAID. Kiisimu, Kinawat huhifadhi sifa za Kinahuatl cha baada ya kale ambazo hazipo katika aina za kisasa za Kinahuatl cha Mexico.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kipipil
Maji
at
/at/
Moto
tit
/tit/
Jua
tunal
/tunal/
Mwezi
metsti
/metsti/
Nyota
sital
/ˈsital/
Mama
nan
/nan/
Baba
tat
/tat/
Mimi
naja
/ˈnaha/
Wewe
taja
/ˈtaha/
Jina
tukay
/ˈtukaj/
Jicho
ish
/iʃ/
Mkono
mey
/mei/
Moyo
yulu
/julu/
Upendo
tasujta
/tasuhta/
Mti
kwawit
/kʷawit/
Nyumba
kal
/kal/
Mbwa
chichi
/tʃitʃi/
Paka
mishin
/miʃin/
Kula
takwa
/takwa/
Kunywa
ati
/ati/
Moja
se
/se/
Mbili
ume
/ˈume/
Habari
ne pakua
/ne pakwa/
Asante
padiush
/padjuʃ/
Nzuri
kwahli
/kʷahli/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Uto-Aztecan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kipipil | Kinahuatl cha Istmo | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Kale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | at /at/ | ahtli /aʔtli/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ |
| Moto | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tletl /tɬetɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ |
| Jua | tunal /tunal/ | tonal /tonal/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ |
| Mwezi | metsti /metsti/ | metz /mets/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ |
| Nyota | sital /ˈsital/ | sitlalin /siˈtlalin/ | sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtlalih/ | sitlalin /siˈtlalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtlaːlin/ |
| Mama | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | nanan /nanan/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ |
| Baba | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ |
| Mimi | naja /ˈnaha/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ |
| Wewe | taja /ˈtaha/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ |
| Jina | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | tocayotl /tokaˈjotɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtli/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtli/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtli/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ |
| Jicho | ish /iʃ/ | ix /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ |
| Mkono | mey /mei/ | mahuit /mawit/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ |
| Moyo | yulu /julu/ | yolio /jolio/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ |
| Upendo | tasujta /tasuhta/ | nequi /neki/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ |
| Mti | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kuauitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Nyumba | kal /kal/ | cali /kali/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | kalli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ |
| Mbwa | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ |
| Paka | mishin /miʃin/ | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ |
| Kula | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Kunywa | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ |
| Moja | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ |
| Mbili | ume /ˈume/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ |
| Habari | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Asante | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tlazohcamati /tlasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ |
| Nzuri | kwahli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ |
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