Mexicaneru
Kinahuatl cha Istmo
Uto-Aztecan
Isthmus Nahuatl (also Mecayapan-Pajapan Nahuatl, Náhuatl del Istmo) is one of the ~30 modern Nahuatl varieties of Mexico, spoken in three municipalities of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec area in Veracruz. The Nahuan family (descended from Classical Nahuatl nci, the literary language of the Aztec Empire) divides into Eastern Nahuan (including Isthmus) vs. Western Nahuan vs. Pochutec extinct branches. Isthmus Nahuatl is part of the eastern variant cluster, mutually unintelligible with the larger Huasteca Nahuatl (nhe) and Sierra de Puebla Nahuatl varieties. Bilingual education programs since the 1990s have produced standardized literacy materials, with Isthmus Nahuatl notable for preserving classical Nahuatl features (saltillo glottal stops, vowel length distinctions) lost in some western varieties.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 20 ya msingi katika Kinahuatl cha Istmo
Maji
ahtli
/aʔtli/
Moto
tit
/tit/
Jua
tonal
/tonal/
Mwezi
metz
/mets/
Mama
nan
/nan/
Baba
tat
/tat/
Kula
tacua
/takʷa/
Kunywa
ati
/ati/
Upendo
nech-nequi
/netʃneki/
Moyo
yolio
/jolio/
Mti
cuahuit
/kʷawit/
Nyumba
cali
/kali/
Mbwa
itzcuintli
/itskʷintli/
Paka
miston
/miston/
Mkono
mahuit
/mawit/
Jicho
ix
/iʃ/
Habari
niltze
/niltse/
Asante
tlazohcamati
/tlasoʔkamati/
Moja
ce
/se/
Nzuri
cualli
/kʷalːi/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Uto-Aztecan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kinahuatl cha Istmo | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kipipil | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Kale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ahtli /aʔtli/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | at /at/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ |
| Moto | tit /tit/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tit /tit/ | titl /titɬ/ | tletl /tɬetɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ |
| Jua | tonal /tonal/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tunal /tunal/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ |
| Mwezi | metz /mets/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metsti /metsti/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ |
| Mama | nan /nan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | nan /nan/ | mama /mama/ | nanan /nanan/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ |
| Baba | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tat /tat/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tāhtli /taːtɬi/ |
| Kula | tacua /takʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Kunywa | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ati /ati/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ |
| Upendo | nech-nequi /netʃneki/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | nesa /nesa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ |
| Moyo | yolio /jolio/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ |
| Mti | cuahuit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitl/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kuauitl /kʷawitl/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Nyumba | cali /kali/ | calli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | calli /kalːi/ | kalli /kalːi/ | calli /kalːi/ |
| Mbwa | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintli/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ |
| Paka | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | mishin /miʃin/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ |
| Mkono | mahuit /mawit/ | maitl /maitl/ | maitl /maitl/ | mey /mei/ | maitl /maitl/ | mahpi /mahpi/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ |
| Jicho | ix /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ish /iʃ/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | ixtli /iʃtli/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ |
| Habari | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Asante | tlazohcamati /tlasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ |
| Moja | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ |
| Nzuri | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kwahli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.