Maaya Tzij
Kimaya cha Kale
Kimaya · aina ya kihistoria / iliyofichwa
Pia hujulikana kama: Classical Maya, Mayan
Kimaya cha kale (Chʼoltiʼ, "lugha ya nyanda za chini zinazozungumza Chʼol") kilikuwa lugha ya hadhi ya ustaarabu wa kale wa Wamaya katika kipindi cha Klasiki (takriban 250–900 BK), kikiandikwa katika mfumo wa uandishi wa Mesoamerika kabla ya Kolumbo uliokuzwa kikamilifu zaidi — na wa pekee uliofasiriwa kwa kiwango kikubwa. Maandishi ya hieroglifi ya Wamaya yalikuwa mfumo wa logo-silabi wenye takriban alama 800 tofauti, ukiandika historia, mpangilio wa nasaba, elimu ya nyota, matambiko na hekaya kwenye nguzo za mawe, viunzi vya milango, kodeksi na vyombo vya kauri. Maendeleo ya ufasiri tangu miaka ya 1950 (Knorozov, Proskouriakoff) yamewezesha kusoma maandishi mengi. Lugha ya kifasihi ya kale ilitokana na Kicholan (babu wa Chʼortiʼ na Chol za kisasa).
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kimaya cha Kale
Maji
haʼ
/haʔ/
Moto
kʼahkʼ
/kʼahkʼ/
Jua
kʼin
/kʼin/
Mwezi
uh
/uh/
Nyota
ek'
/eːkʼ/
Mama
naʼ
/naʔ/
Baba
yuum
/juːm/
Mimi
hiin
/hiːn/
Wewe
hat
/hat/
Jina
k'aba'
/kʼaˈɓaʔ/
Jicho
ich
/itʃ/
Mkono
kʼab
/kʼab/
Moyo
pixan
/piʃan/
Upendo
yaah
/jaːh/
Mti
cheʼ
/tʃeʔ/
Nyumba
otoch
/otoːtʃ/
Mbwa
peekʼ
/peːkʼ/
Paka
miis
/miːs/
Kula
weʼ
/weʔ/
Kunywa
ukʼ
/ukʼ/
Moja
jun
/hun/
Mbili
cha'
/tʃaʔ/
Habari
bix a beel
/biʃ a beːl/
Asante
nibʼoolal
/nibʼoːlal/
Nzuri
utz
/uts/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Mayan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kimaya cha Kale | Kimaya cha Yucatec | Kichontal cha Tabasco | Kiitza | Kiuspanteko | Kichol | Kitzeltal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ |
| Jua | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ |
| Mwezi | uh /uh/ | uj /uh/ | ä /æ/ | uj /uh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | uw /uw/ | u /u/ |
| Nyota | ek' /eːkʼ/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | ch'umil /tʃʼumil/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ |
| Mama | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ |
| Baba | yuum /juːm/ | taata /taːta/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ |
| Mimi | hiin /hiːn/ | teen /teːn/ | noʼon /noʔon/ | ten /ten/ | in /in/ | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ |
| Wewe | hat /hat/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | neʼet /neʔet/ | tech /tetʃ/ | at /at/ | jatyet /hatʲet/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ |
| Jina | k'aba' /kʼaˈɓaʔ/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | b'ii /ɓiː/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | biil /ɓiːl/ |
| Jicho | ich /itʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | wich /witʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | wach /watʃ/ | wut /wut/ | sit /sit/ |
| Mkono | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼä /kʼæ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Moyo | pixan /piʃan/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ |
| Upendo | yaah /jaːh/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ |
| Mti | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Nyumba | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | naj /nah/ | otot /otot/ | nah /nah/ | jaa /haː/ | otyot /otjot/ | na /na/ |
| Mbwa | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | miis /miːs/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| Kula | weʼ /weʔ/ | jaant /haːnt/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | jant /hant/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | weʼel /weʔel/ |
| Kunywa | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ucʼ /utsʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ |
| Moja | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /xun/ |
| Mbili | cha' /tʃaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | quiib' /kiːɓ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | cheb /tʃeb/ |
| Habari | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | banti winik /banti winik/ |
| Asante | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | wokox /wokoʃ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ |
| Nzuri | utz /uts/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | malobʼ /malob/ | utz /uts/ | utsat /utsat/ | lek /lek/ |
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