थारू

Tharu

Indo-European

FamilyIndo-European Speakers~2M (vibrant for Dangaura/Rana) ScriptDevanagari CountriesNepal Official inNo (Nepali is the official language; all mother tongues are languages of the nation under the 2015 Constitution) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3thr

Tharu is an Indo-Aryan language cluster of around 2 million speakers, primarily in the Terai lowlands of southern Nepal (Dang, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur districts) and adjacent areas of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India. The Tharu are an indigenous people who have inhabited the Terai for centuries, traditionally believed to have a degree of natural malaria resistance that allowed them to settle the formerly malarial lowlands. Linguistically, Tharu is part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan continuum, closely related to Bhojpuri (bho), Maithili (mai), and Awadhi (awa), but with distinctive Tharu vocabulary and dialect features. The ISO macrolanguage code "thr" specifically refers to Rana Tharu, while sister varieties like Dangaura Tharu (thl), Kochila Tharu (thq), and Chitwania Tharu (the) are linguistically distinct enough to be considered separate languages by some scholars. Despite vibrant speaker numbers, UNESCO classifies Tharu as vulnerable due to relentless Nepali and Hindi pressure in education and media.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tharu

Water

पानी

/paːniː/

Fire

आग

/aːɡ/

Sun

सूरज

/suːrədʒ/

Moon

चांद

/tʃãːd/

Star

तारा

/taːraː/

Mother

माई

/maːiː/

Father

बबा

/bəbaː/

I

हम

/ɦəm/

You

तैं

/tɛ̃ː/

Name

नाम

/naːm/

Eye

आंख

/ãːkʰ/

Hand

हाथ

/haːtʰ/

Heart

मन

/man/

Love

माया

/maːjaː/

Tree

पेड़

/peːɽ/

House

घर

/ɡʱəɾ/

Dog

कुकुर

/kukur/

Cat

बिलार

/bilaːɾ/

Eat

खाना

/kʰaːnaː/

Drink

पीना

/piːnaː/

One

एक

/eːk/

Two

दुइ

/dui/

Hello

राम राम

/raːm raːm/

Thank you

धन्यवाद

/dʱənjəbaːd/

Good

नीक

/niːk/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning TharuAngikaMaithiliAwadhiMagahiBhojpuriHaryanvi
Water पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/
Fire आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/ आगि /aːɡi/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡɪ/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/
Moon चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/
Star तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/
Mother माई /maːiː/ माय /maːj/ माय /maːj/ मइया /məjjaː/ माय /maːj/ माई /maːiː/ माई /maːiː/
Father बबा /bəbaː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बापू /baːpuː/
I हम /ɦəm/ हम /ɦəm/ हम /ɦəm/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ हम /ɦəm/ हम /ɦəm/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/
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