थारू

Tharu

Indo-European

FamilyIndo-European Speakers~2M (vibrant for Dangaura/Rana) ScriptDevanagari CountriesNepal Official inNepal Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3thr

Tharu is an Indo-Aryan language cluster of around 2 million speakers, primarily in the Terai lowlands of southern Nepal (Dang, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur districts) and adjacent areas of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India. The Tharu are an indigenous people who have inhabited the Terai for centuries, traditionally believed to have a degree of natural malaria resistance that allowed them to settle the formerly malarial lowlands. Linguistically, Tharu is part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan continuum, closely related to Bhojpuri (bho), Maithili (mai), and Awadhi (awa), but with distinctive Tharu vocabulary and dialect features. The ISO macrolanguage code "thr" specifically refers to Rana Tharu, while sister varieties like Dangaura Tharu (thl), Kochila Tharu (thq), and Chitwania Tharu (the) are linguistically distinct enough to be considered separate languages by some scholars. Despite vibrant speaker numbers, UNESCO classifies Tharu as vulnerable due to relentless Nepali and Hindi pressure in education and media.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tharu

Water

पानी

/paːniː/

Fire

आग

/aːɡ/

Sun

सूरज

/suːrədʒ/

Moon

चांद

/tʃãːd/

Mother

माई

/maːiː/

Father

बबा

/bəbaː/

Eat

खाना

/kʰaːnaː/

Drink

पीना

/piːnaː/

Love

माया

/maːjaː/

Heart

मन

/man/

Tree

पेड़

/peːɽ/

House

घर

/ɡʱəɾ/

Dog

कुकुर

/kukur/

Cat

बिलार

/bilaːɾ/

Hand

हाथ

/haːtʰ/

Eye

आंख

/ãːkʰ/

Hello

राम राम

/raːm raːm/

Thank you

धन्यवाद

/dʱənjəbaːd/

One

एक

/eːk/

Good

नीक

/niːk/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning TharuAngikaHaryanviAwadhiMagahiBhojpuriMaithili
Water पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡɪ/ आगि /aːɡi/
Sun सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːrəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːrəd͡ʒ/
Moon चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/
Mother माई /maːiː/ मय /maj/ माई /maːiː/ मइया /məjjaː/ माय /maːj/ माई /maːiː/ माय /maːj/
Father बबा /bəbaː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बापू /baːpuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
Eat खाना /kʰaːnaː/ खाएक /kʰaːek/ खाणा /kʰaːɳaː/ खाई /kʰaːiː/ खैना /kʰaiːnaː/ खाए /kʰaːe/ खाएब /kʰaːeb/
Drink पीना /piːnaː/ पीयक /piːjak/ पीणा /piːɳaː/ पीई /piːiː/ पीना /piːnaː/ पिए /pɪe/ पीयब /piːjəb/
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