Emiliàn
Emilian
Indo-European
Emilian (Emiliàn) is a Gallo-Italic Romance language of the Emilia sub-region of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, distinct from neighboring Romagnol (rgn — Romagna sub-region) and from sister Gallo-Italic languages Lombard, Piedmontese, Ligurian, and Venetian. Spoken by ~2M people in the cities of Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Parma, and Piacenza, Emilian shows strong urban-vs-rural variation and significant Po Valley substrate. Linguistically, Emilian shares Gallo-Italic features (vowel reduction, palatalization, loss of word-final vowels) but has distinctive Bologna-area vocalic system. The Bolognese variety is the most widely-documented and culturally salient (e.g., Alfredo Testoni's dialect theatre, Andrea Mingardi's songs).
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Emilian
Water
âcua
/ˈakwa/
Fire
fôg
/ˈfoɡ/
Sun
sôl
/ˈsoːl/
Moon
lónna
/ˈlonːa/
Star
strèla
/ˈstrɛla/
Mother
mèder
/ˈmɛdɛɾ/
Father
pèder
/ˈpɛdɛɾ/
I
mè
/mɛ/
You
tè
/tɛ/
Name
nòm
/nɔm/
Eye
ucc
/ˈutʃ/
Hand
mân
/ˈman/
Heart
côr
/ˈkoːɾ/
Love
amôr
/aˈmoːɾ/
Tree
arbal
/ˈaɾbal/
House
cà
/ˈka/
Dog
can
/ˈkan/
Cat
gât
/ˈɡat/
Eat
magnèr
/maˈɲɛɾ/
Drink
bevvre
/ˈbevːɾe/
One
un
/ˈun/
Two
dû
/duː/
Hello
cciô
/ˈtʃoː/
Thank you
gràzie
/ˈɡɾaːtsje/
Good
bón
/ˈbon/
Cuckoo
còc
/kɔk/
Computer
computer
/komˈpjuter/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European languages
| Meaning | Emilian | Romagnol | Italian | Lombard | Paraguayan Spanish | Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro) | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | âcua /ˈakwa/ | acua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ |
| Fire | fôg /ˈfoɡ/ | fugh /ˈfuɡ/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | fœg /føːk/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ |
| Sun | sôl /ˈsoːl/ | sòl /ˈsɔl/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | sô /soː/ | sol /ˈsol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ |
| Moon | lónna /ˈlonːa/ | lónna /ˈlonːa/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | strèla /ˈstrɛla/ | stèla /ˈstɛla/ | stella /ˈstɛlla/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ |
| Mother | mèder /ˈmɛdɛɾ/ | mêdar /ˈmeːdaɾ/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | madre /ˈmadɾe/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ |
| Father | pèder /ˈpɛdɛɾ/ | pêdar /ˈpeːdaɾ/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | padre /ˈpadɾe/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ |
| I | mè /mɛ/ | mè /mɛ/ | io /ˈio/ | mì /mi/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ |
| You | tè /tɛ/ | tè /tɛ/ | tu /tu/ | tì /ti/ | vos /bos/ | tú /tu/ | tú /tu/ |
| Name | nòm /nɔm/ | nòm /nɔm/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nòmm /nɔm/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ |
| Eye | ucc /ˈutʃ/ | ucc /ˈutʃ/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | öcc /øtʃ/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | ojo /ˈoʃo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ |
| Hand | mân /ˈman/ | mân /ˈmaːn/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | man /maŋ/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Heart | côr /ˈkoːɾ/ | côr /ˈkoːɾ/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | cör /kør/ | corazón /koɾaˈson/ | coraçón /koɾaˈtson/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ |
| Love | amôr /aˈmoːɾ/ | amour /aˈmouɾ/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Tree | arbal /ˈaɾbal/ | arbal /ˈaɾbal/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | albar /ˈalbar/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ |
| House | cà /ˈka/ | ca /ˈka/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | cà /kaː/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ |
| Dog | can /ˈkan/ | can /ˈkan/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | can /kan/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ |
| Cat | gât /ˈɡat/ | gâta /ˈɡaːta/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | gat /ɡat/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ |
| Eat | magnèr /maˈɲɛɾ/ | mâgna /ˈmaɲa/ | mangiare /manˈdʒaːre/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ |
| Drink | bevvre /ˈbevːɾe/ | bér /ˈbeɾ/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | bev /bev/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beuer /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ |
| One | un /ˈun/ | ón /ˈon/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | vün /vyŋ/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ |
| Two | dû /duː/ | dû /duː/ | due /ˈdue/ | duu /dy/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ |
| Hello | cciô /ˈtʃoː/ | ciô /ˈtʃoː/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | hola /ˈola/ | Dios os guarde /djos os ˈɡwaɾde/ | hola /ˈola/ |
| Thank you | gràzie /ˈɡɾaːtsje/ | gras /ˈɡɾas/ | grazie /ˈɡrattsje/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ | gracias /ˈɡɾasjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾatsjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ |
| Good | bón /ˈbon/ | bón /ˈbon/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bun /buŋ/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ |
| Cuckoo | còc /kɔk/ | còc /kɔk/ | cuculo /ˈkuːkulo/ | cùcch /ˈkuk/ | piririta /piɾiˈɾita/ | cuclillo /kuˈkliʎo/ | cuco /ˈkuko/ |
| Computer | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpju.ter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | — | ábaco /ˈabako/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃ.ʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | escabeche /eskaˈbetʃe/ | sushi /ˈsusi/ |
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