Sarnāmi

Caribbean Hindustani

Indo-European

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Caribbean Hindustani (Sarnami in Suriname, Trinidad Bhojpuri/Trinidad Hindustani in Trinidad) is an Indo-Aryan language descended from the Bhojpuri-speaking indentured laborers brought to the Caribbean by British and Dutch colonial powers between the 1830s and 1917 to work on sugar plantations after the abolition of slavery. The Bhojpuri-Awadhi origins of these indentured laborers (most from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and the Nepalese terai) shaped the development of Caribbean Hindustani as a creolized variety closer to Bhojpuri than to Standard Hindi. The largest community is in Suriname, where Sarnami Hindustani is the second-most-spoken language after Sranan Tongo, with about 150,000 speakers. Smaller communities exist in Trinidad, Guyana, and the Netherlands (where Surinamese Hindustani migrants have significant populations).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Caribbean Hindustani

Water

paani

/paːni/

Fire

aag

/aːɡ/

Sun

suuraj

/suːɾəd͡ʒ/

Moon

caand

/t͡ʃãːd/

Mother

mai

/mai/

Father

baap

/baːp/

Eat

khaae

/kʰaːe/

Drink

pi

/pi/

Love

piaar

/piaːr/

Heart

dil

/dil/

Tree

ped

/peɽ/

House

ghar

/ɡʱar/

Dog

kuttaa

/kuttaː/

Cat

billii

/billiː/

Hand

haat

/haːt/

Eye

ankh

/ãːkʰ/

Hello

namaste

/namaste/

Thank you

dhanyabaad

/dʰanjabaːd/

One

ek

/ek/

Good

accha

/at͡ʃt͡ʃʰa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning Caribbean HindustaniHindiLambadiUrduBhojpuriHaryanviBhili
Water paani /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ پانی /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ पाणी /paːɳi/
Fire aag /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ آگ /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡɪ/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/
Sun suuraj /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सुरज /suɾədʒ/ سورج /suːɾəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/
Moon caand /t͡ʃãːd/ चाँद /t͡ʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ چاند /t͡ʃãːd/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/
Mother mai /mai/ माँ /mãː/ मा /maː/ ماں /mãː/ माई /maːiː/ माई /maːiː/ माय /maːj/
Father baap /baːp/ पिता /pitaː/ बाप /baːp/ والد /vaːlid/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बापू /baːpuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
Eat khaae /kʰaːe/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ खा /kʰaː/ کھانا /kʰaːnaː/ खाए /kʰaːe/ खाणा /kʰaːɳaː/ खानु /kʰaːnu/
Drink pi /pi/ पीना /piːnaː/ पी /piː/ پینا /piːnaː/ पिए /pɪe/ पीणा /piːɳaː/ पीनु /piːnu/
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