Sarnāmi

Caribbean Hindustani

Indo-European

FamilyIndo-European Speakers~165K ScriptLatin CountriesSuriname Official inNo (Dutch is the sole official language of Suriname; Sarnami is a widely spoken home language) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hns

Caribbean Hindustani (Sarnami in Suriname, Trinidad Bhojpuri/Trinidad Hindustani in Trinidad) is an Indo-Aryan language descended from the Bhojpuri-speaking indentured laborers brought to the Caribbean by British and Dutch colonial powers between the 1830s and 1917 to work on sugar plantations after the abolition of slavery. The Bhojpuri-Awadhi origins of these indentured laborers (most from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and the Nepalese terai) shaped the development of Caribbean Hindustani as a creolized variety closer to Bhojpuri than to Standard Hindi. The largest community is in Suriname, where Sarnami Hindustani is the second-most-spoken language after Sranan Tongo, with about 150,000 speakers. Smaller communities exist in Trinidad, Guyana, and the Netherlands (where Surinamese Hindustani migrants have significant populations).

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Caribbean Hindustani

Water

paani

/paːni/

Fire

aag

/aːɡ/

Sun

suuraj

/suːɾədʒ/

Moon

caand

/tʃãːd/

Star

taaraa

/taːraː/

Mother

mai

/mai/

Father

baap

/baːp/

I

ham

/ɦəm/

You

tuu

/tuː/

Name

naam

/naːm/

Eye

ankh

/ãːkʰ/

Hand

haat

/haːt/

Heart

dil

/dil/

Love

piaar

/piaːr/

Tree

ped

/peɽ/

House

ghar

/ɡʱar/

Dog

kuttaa

/kuttaː/

Cat

billii

/billiː/

Eat

khaae

/kʰaːe/

Drink

pi

/pi/

One

ek

/ek/

Two

dui

/dui/

Hello

namaste

/namaste/

Thank you

dhanyabaad

/dʰanjabaːd/

Good

accha

/atʃtʃʰa/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European languages

Meaning Caribbean HindustaniFiji HindiBhojpuriHindiHaryanviTharuLambadi
Water paani /paːni/ paani /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire aag /aːɡ/ aagi /aːɡi/ आगि /aːɡɪ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun suuraj /suːɾədʒ/ suraj /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सुरज /suɾədʒ/
Moon caand /tʃãːd/ chaand /tʃãːd/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चाँद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चांद /tʃãːd/
Star taaraa /taːraː/ taaraa /taːraː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारो /t̪aːro/
Mother mai /mai/ amma /əmːaː/ माई /maːiː/ माँ /mãː/ माई /maːiː/ माई /maːiː/ मा /maː/
Father baap /baːp/ baap /baːp/ बाबू /baːbuː/ पिता /pitaː/ बापू /baːpuː/ बबा /bəbaː/ बाप /baːp/
I ham /ɦəm/ ham /ɦəm/ हम /ɦəm/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ मैं /mɛ̃ː/ हम /ɦəm/ हूं /hũː/
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