मगही

Magahi

Indo-Aryan (Eastern, Bihari)

FamilyIndo-Aryan (Eastern, Bihari) Speakers~18M ScriptDevanagari / Kaithi (historical) CountriesIndia (Bihar, Jharkhand) Official inNo (recognized scheduled) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mag

Magahi is the principal language of the Magadha region of southern Bihar (and adjacent Jharkhand), a historical heartland of ancient Indian empires — Maurya, Gupta, the Pala dynasty — and the homeland where the Buddha first taught. It is closely related to Bhojpuri and Maithili, all three sometimes lumped together as 'Bihari'. Magahi has produced its own folk-literary corpus and modern fiction, though it lacks state-level official status and is overshadowed in education by Hindi.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Magahi

Water

पानी

/paːni/

Fire

आग

/aːɡ/

Sun

सूरज

/suːraj/

Moon

चान

/tʃaːn/

Mother

माय

/maːj/

Father

बाबू

/baːbuː/

Eat

खैना

/kʰaiːnaː/

Drink

पीना

/piːnaː/

Love

प्रेम

/preːm/

Heart

मन

/mən/

Tree

गाछ

/ɡaːtʃʰ/

House

घर

/ɡʱər/

Dog

कूकूर

/kuːkuːr/

Cat

बिलाई

/bilaːi/

Hand

हाथ

/haːtʰ/

Eye

आँख

/aːŋkʰ/

Hello

परणाम

/prəɳaːm/

Thank you

धन्यवाद

/dʱənjəbaːd/

One

एक

/eːk/

Good

नीक

/niːk/

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-Aryan (Eastern, Bihari) languages

Meaning MagahiMaithiliAngikaBhiliAwadhiTharuKumaoni
Water पानी /paːni/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणी /paːɳi/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/ पाणि /paːɳi/
Fire आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/ आग /aːɡ/ आगि /aːɡi/ आगि /aːɡi/ आग /aːɡ/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːrəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːrəd͡ʒ/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/ स्यू /sjuː/
Moon चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चान /tʃaːn/ चांद /tʃãːd/ चान /tʃaːn/ चांद /tʃãːd/ ज्यू /dʒjuː/
Mother माय /maːj/ माय /maːj/ मय /maj/ माय /maːj/ मइया /məjjaː/ माई /maːiː/ ईजा /iːdʒaː/
Father बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बाबू /baːbuː/ बबा /bəbaː/ बाबू /baːbuː/
Eat खैना /kʰaiːnaː/ खाएब /kʰaːeb/ खाएक /kʰaːek/ खानु /kʰaːnu/ खाई /kʰaːiː/ खाना /kʰaːnaː/ खाण /kʰaːɳ/
Drink पीना /piːnaː/ पीयब /piːjəb/ पीयक /piːjak/ पीनु /piːnu/ पीई /piːiː/ पीना /piːnaː/ पीण /piːɳ/
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