Тоҷикӣ

Tajik

Indo-European (Iranian, Western, Persian)

FamilyIndo-European (Iranian, Western, Persian) Speakers~9M ScriptCyrillic CountriesTajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan Official inTajikistan Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tgk

Tajik (тоҷикӣ tojikī) is the Persian variety of Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan with ~9M speakers, fully mutually intelligible with Iranian Farsi and Afghan Dari at the colloquial level. Soviet language policy switched it from a Perso-Arabic to a brief Latin and then a modified Cyrillic script in 1939, separating its written tradition from Persian's. The Cyrillic alphabet adds Ғ ғ, Қ қ, Ҳ ҳ, Ҷ ҷ, Ӣ ӣ, Ӯ ӯ to mark Persian phonemes. Heavy Russian and Uzbek loanwords distinguish it from Iranian Persian.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tajik

Water

об

/ob/

Fire

оташ

/otaʃ/

Sun

офтоб

/oftob/

Moon

моҳ

/moh/

Star

ситора

/sitoːra/

Mother

модар

/modar/

Father

падар

/padar/

I

ман

/man/

You

ту

/tu/

Name

ном

/nom/

Eye

чашм

/tʃaʃm/

Hand

даст

/dast/

Heart

дил

/dil/

Love

ишқ

/iʃq/

Tree

дарахт

/daraxt/

House

хона

/xona/

Dog

саг

/saɡ/

Cat

гурба

/ɡurba/

Eat

хӯрдан

/xʉːrdan/

Drink

нӯшидан

/nʉːʃidan/

One

як

/jak/

Two

ду

/du/

Hello

салом

/salom/

Thank you

раҳмат

/rahmat/

Good

хуб

/xub/

Cuckoo

куку

/kuˈku/

Computer

компютер

/kɔmpjutɛr/

Sushi

суши

/suʃi/

Dopamine

дофамин

/dɔfaˈmin/

At sign (@)

ат

/at/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Iranian, Western, Persian) languages

Meaning TajikDariPersian (Classical)HazaragiMiddle Persian (Pahlavi)Judeo-PersianPersian
Water об /ob/ آب /ɑːb/ آب /aːb/ آو /ɑːw/ 𐭠𐭯 /aːb/ אב /ɒːb/ آب /ɒːb/
Fire оташ /otaʃ/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ آتش /aːtaʃ/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ 𐭠𐭲𐭱 /aːtaʃ/ אתש /ɒːteʃ/ آتش /ɒːtæʃ/
Sun офтоб /oftob/ خورشید /xoɾʃed/ خورشید /xʷarʃeːd/ آفتو /ɑːftow/ 𐭧𐭥𐭫𐭱𐭩𐭲 /xwarʃeːd/ חורשיד /xorʃiːd/ خورشید /xorʃiːd/
Moon моҳ /moh/ ماه /mɑːh/ ماه /maːh/ مه /maː/ 𐭬𐭠𐭧 /maːh/ מאה /mɒːh/ ماه /mɒːh/
Star ситора /sitoːra/ ستاره /setaːˈɾa/ ستاره /sitaːra/ ستاره /sitɑra/ 𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫𐭪 /staːrag/ סתארה /setɒre/ ستاره /setɒːˈɾe/
Mother модар /modar/ مادر /mɑːdaɾ/ مادر /maːdar/ آبه /ɑːba/ 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭫 /maːdar/ מאדר /mɒːdær/ مادر /mɒːdær/
Father падар /padar/ پدر /padaɾ/ پدر /pidar/ آته /ɑːta/ 𐭯𐭩𐭲𐭫 /pidar/ פדר /pedær/ پدر /pedær/
I ман /man/ من /man/ من /man/ مه /ma/ 𐭠𐭭 /an/ מן /man/ من /man/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Tajik
Ман мехоҳам костюмеро ки дар дӯконе дар рӯбарӯи меҳмонхона дидам пӯшида бинам
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 看到的 那套西装
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with closely-related languages

Tajik
Ман мехоҳам костюмеро ки дар дӯконе дар рӯбарӯи меҳмонхона дидам пӯшида бинам
Unë dua ta provoj një kostum pashë një dyqan përballë hotelit
Ես ուզում եմ փորձել կոստում որ տեսա խանութում դիմաց հյուրանոցի
মই হোটেলৰ সন্মুখৰ দোকানত দেখা ছুটটো পিন্ধি চাব বিচাৰোঁ
हम होटल के सामने दुकान में देखल सूट पहिन के देखे के चाहत बानी

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