Maa

Mano

Niger-Congo

FamilyNiger-Congo Speakers~400K ScriptLatin CountriesLiberia Official inNo (English in Liberia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mev

Mano (autonymously Maa) is a Southeast Mande Niger-Congo language of the Mano-Dan group, spoken by ~400,000 people across the Nimba Mountains region of West Africa where Liberia, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire converge. The Mano people are agriculturalists in the rainforest, with a strong oral tradition and the historical Mano-Dan secret-society initiation rituals. Linguistically, Mano shares Southeast Mande features with sister Dan (dnj): SOV constituent order (rare in Africa), tone system (~3 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and an absence of grammatical gender. Khachaturyan's 2015 reference grammar is the major modern documentation.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Mano

Water

yi

/ji/

Fire

/kɔ/

Sun

/lɛ/

Moon

/lɔ/

Mother

ɲɛ

/ɲɛ/

Father

de

/de/

Eat

/mɛ/

Drink

mi

/mi/

Love

ŋalo

/ŋalo/

Heart

gba

/ɡba/

Tree

ka

/ka/

House

kpɛ

/kpɛ/

Dog

gba

/ɡba/

Cat

poso

/poso/

Hand

/kɔ/

Eye

mi

/mi/

Hello

ye

/je/

Thank you

nyɛŋ

/ɲɛŋ/

One

do

/do/

Good

kɛlɛ

/kɛlɛ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo languages

Meaning ManoDanVaiBassaMongoMendeNalca
Water yi /ji/ yi /ji/ ꕜꕩ /daja/ ne /ne/ nzá /nzá/ njei /ndʒei/ mi /mi/
Fire /kɔ/ siŋ /siŋ/ ꕪꔻ /kaːsi/ so /so/ mokɛ́ /mokɛ́/ ngombu /ŋɡombu/ lakil /lakil/
Sun /lɛ/ lai /lai/ ꕒꔧ /foɛ/ plɔ /plɔ/ lokɔlɔ /lokɔlɔ/ foni /foni/ nyem /ɲem/
Moon /lɔ/ siŋ /siŋ/ ꕬꖝ /laro/ hwɔɖɔ /hʷɔɖɔ/ nzɔnzɔ /nzɔnzɔ/ ngewɔ /ŋɡewɔ/ lakum /lakum/
Mother ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ da /da/ /na/ mãɖe /mãɖe/ nyangó /ɲaŋɡó/ nje /ndʒe/ ne /ne/
Father de /de/ de /de/ /dɛ/ gbe /ɡbe/ ise /ise/ nya /ɲa/ ke /ke/
Eat /mɛ/ /dɛ/ /fa/ gbɔ̃a /ɡbɔ̃a/ kolya /koʎa/ /mɛ/ ne /ne/
Drink mi /mi/ mi /mi/ /mi/ mɔ̃e /mɔ̃e/ kome'la /komela/ ngu /ŋɡu/ mi ne /mi ne/
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