Rumagnòl
Romagnol
Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Gallo-Italic)
Romagnol (Rumagnòl, "Romagnol speech") is a Gallo-Italic Romance language of the Romagna sub-region of Emilia-Romagna in northeastern Italy, distinct from neighboring Emilian (eml — different ISO code reserved). Spoken by ~1.1M people, Romagnol shares typical Gallo-Italic features with Lombard, Piedmontese, Ligurian, and Venetian: vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, palatalization of velar consonants, and loss of word-final vowels. The Romagnol dialect chain shows internal variation between western (Forlivese) and eastern (Riminese) varieties. Cultural significance reinforced by literary heritage (Aldo Spallicci poetry, Tonino Guerra screenplays — Fellini's "Amarcord" 1973 features extensive Romagnol).
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Romagnol
Water
acua
/ˈakwa/
Fire
fugh
/ˈfuɡ/
Sun
sòl
/ˈsɔl/
Moon
lónna
/ˈlonːa/
Mother
mêdar
/ˈmeːdaɾ/
Father
pêdar
/ˈpeːdaɾ/
Eat
mâgna
/ˈmaɲa/
Drink
bér
/ˈbeɾ/
Love
amour
/aˈmouɾ/
Heart
côr
/ˈkoːɾ/
Tree
arbal
/ˈaɾbal/
House
ca
/ˈka/
Dog
can
/ˈkan/
Cat
gâta
/ˈɡaːta/
Hand
mân
/ˈmaːn/
Eye
ucc
/ˈutʃ/
Hello
ciô
/ˈtʃoː/
Thank you
gras
/ˈɡɾas/
One
ón
/ˈon/
Good
bón
/ˈbon/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Gallo-Italic) languages
| Meaning | Romagnol | Emilian | Italian | Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro) | Spanish (Europe) | Old Italian (Dantesque) | Old Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | acua /ˈakwa/ | âcua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ |
| Fire | fugh /ˈfuɡ/ | fôg /ˈfoɡ/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ |
| Sun | sòl /ˈsɔl/ | sôl /ˈsoːl/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sol /sol/ |
| Moon | lónna /ˈlonːa/ | lónna /ˈlonːa/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Mother | mêdar /ˈmeːdaɾ/ | mèder /ˈmɛdɛɾ/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | madre /ˈmadɾe/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | madre /ˈmaðre/ |
| Father | pêdar /ˈpeːdaɾ/ | pèder /ˈpɛdɛɾ/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | padre /ˈpadɾe/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | padre /ˈpaðre/ |
| Eat | mâgna /ˈmaɲa/ | magnèr /maˈɲɛɾ/ | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒaːre/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒare/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ |
| Drink | bér /ˈbeɾ/ | bevvre /ˈbevːɾe/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | beuer /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ | bever /beˈveɾ/ |
| Love | amour /aˈmouɾ/ | amôr /aˈmoːɾ/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Heart | côr /ˈkoːɾ/ | côr /ˈkoːɾ/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | coraçón /koɾaˈt͡son/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | coraçón /koɾaˈt͡son/ |
| Tree | arbal /ˈaɾbal/ | arbal /ˈaɾbal/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | árbor /ˈaɾβoɾ/ |
| House | ca /ˈka/ | cà /ˈka/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkaza/ |
| Dog | can /ˈkan/ | can /ˈkan/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ | cane /ˈkane/ | can /kan/ |
| Cat | gâta /ˈɡaːta/ | gât /ˈɡat/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | gato /ˈɡato/ |
| Hand | mân /ˈmaːn/ | mân /ˈman/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Eye | ucc /ˈutʃ/ | ucc /ˈutʃ/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | ojo /ˈoʃo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | ojo /ˈoʒo/ |
| Hello | ciô /ˈtʃoː/ | cciô /ˈtʃoː/ | ciao /ˈt͡ʃaːo/ | Dios os guarde /djos os ˈɡwaɾde/ | hola /ˈola/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salud /saˈlud/ |
| Thank you | gras /ˈɡɾas/ | gràzie /ˈɡɾaːtsje/ | grazie /ˈɡratt͡sje/ | gracias /ˈɡɾat͡sjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | mercede /merˈt͡ʃede/ | mercedes /meɾˈt͡seðes/ |
| One | ón /ˈon/ | un /ˈun/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ |
| Good | bón /ˈbon/ | bón /ˈbon/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | bono /ˈbono/ |
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