Castellano del Siglo de Oro

Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro)

Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian; Siglo de Oro) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Italic, Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian; Siglo de Oro) SpeakersHistorical literary form (~1500-1681 CE); active pedagogical use in Spanish literary education ScriptLatin CountriesHabsburg Spain (Castile + Aragon + Spanish overseas empire); modern Spanish-language curriculum worldwide Official inHabsburg court and Inquisition Spain; Real Academia Española (founded 1713) codification Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3spa

Golden Age Spanish (Castellano del Siglo de Oro, ~1500-1681) is the Castilian of the Spanish literary Golden Age: Cervantes's Don Quijote (1605/1615), Lope de Vega's comedias (Fuenteovejuna, El caballero de Olmedo), Calderón de la Barca (La vida es sueño, El gran teatro del mundo), Quevedo's satirical prose and conceptismo poetry, Góngora's culteranismo, Santa Teresa de Jesús and San Juan de la Cruz's mystic poetry. Distinct from Old Spanish (osp, 12-15c.) and Modern Spanish (es_eu) by: pre-merger 4-way sibilant system (s vs ç /t͡s/ vs z /d͡z/ vs ss /s/, all collapsing to /s θ/ by ~1650); distinct b vs v phonemes; preserved /ʃ/ in <x>/<j> before its shift to velar /x/ (Cervantes' name was pronounced /miˈɣel de θeɾˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa/ with /ʃ/ for j/x); transitional "vuestra merced" → modern "usted"; active "vosotros" 2pl distinct from "ustedes". The pedagogical canon for reading 17th-century Spanish literature in modern Spanish-medium education.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro)

Water

agua

/ˈaɣwa/

Fire

fuego

/ˈfweɣo/

Sun

sol

/sol/

Moon

luna

/ˈluna/

Mother

madre

/ˈmadɾe/

Father

padre

/ˈpadɾe/

Eat

comer

/koˈmeɾ/

Drink

beuer

/beˈβeɾ/

Love

amor

/aˈmoɾ/

Heart

coraçón

/koɾaˈt͡son/

Tree

árbol

/ˈaɾβol/

House

casa

/ˈkasa/

Dog

perro

/ˈpero/

Cat

gato

/ˈɡato/

Hand

mano

/ˈmano/

Eye

ojo

/ˈoʃo/

Hello

Dios os guarde

/djos os ˈɡwaɾde/

Thank you

gracias

/ˈɡɾat͡sjas/

One

uno

/ˈuno/

Good

bueno

/ˈbweno/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Ibero-Romance, Castilian; Siglo de Oro) languages

Meaning Golden Age Spanish (Siglo de Oro)Spanish (Europe)Old SpanishChavacanoAsturianAragoneseExtremaduran
Water agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɡwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ augua /ˈawɡwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/
Fire fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɡo/ fueu /ˈfweu/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ huegu /ˈweɣu/
Sun sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sɔl/
Moon luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ lluna /ˈʎuna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/
Mother madre /ˈmadɾe/ madre /ˈmaðɾe/ madre /ˈmaðre/ nana /ˈnana/ ma /ma/ mai /maj/ mai /mai/
Father padre /ˈpadɾe/ padre /ˈpaðɾe/ padre /ˈpaðre/ tata /ˈtata/ pa /pa/ pai /paj/ pai /pai/
Eat comer /koˈmeɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ come /koˈme/ comer /koˈmeɾ/ minchar /minˈt͡ʃaɾ/ comel /koˈmel/
Drink beuer /beˈβeɾ/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ bever /beˈveɾ/ bebe /beˈbe/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ beber /beˈβeɾ/ bebel /beˈβel/
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