Nhanda
Kinhanda
Pama-Nyunga
Nhanda (pia hujulikana kama Nanda au Nhanta) ni lugha ya Waaborijini ya familia ya Pama-Nyungan iliyo hatarini kutoweka kwa kiwango cha juu, ya pwani ya kati ya Murchison-Gascoyne ya Australia Magharibi, karibu na Geraldton na Kalbarri. Lugha hii ina wazungumzaji wazee wapatao 30 wanaoizungumza kwa ufasaha pamoja na wazungumzaji wapatao 60 wa kiasi miongoni mwa idadi pana ya kabila la Nhanda ya watu wapatao 750. Nhanda huhifadhi sifa za kawaida za Pama-Nyungan ikiwa ni pamoja na mpangilio wa ergative-absolutive, mofolojia ya nomino yenye viambishi tamati, na istilahi tajiri za ujamaa. Sarufi rejea ya Blevins ya mwaka 2001 (Nhanda Aboriginal Language) iliifanya lugha ipatikane katika isimu ya kitaaluma, na Nhanda Aboriginal Language Centre inayoongozwa na jamii inaunga mkono uhuishaji unaoendelea kupitia programu za shule, miradi ya historia simulizi, na Wajarri-Nhanda Cultural Centre.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kinhanda
Maji
kapi
/kapi/
Moto
warla
/waɻla/
Jua
wurʼa
/wuɾʔa/
Mwezi
kanyala
/kaɲala/
Nyota
indiya
/indija/
Mama
ngamaji
/ŋamadʒi/
Baba
kuthurra
/kutʰuɻa/
Mimi
ngayi
/ŋaji/
Wewe
nyini
/ɲini/
Jina
yini
/jini/
Jicho
kuru
/kuɻu/
Mkono
mara
/maɻa/
Moyo
pulpara
/pulpaɻa/
Upendo
kanyji
/kaɲdʒi/
Mti
parntany
/paɳʈaɲ/
Nyumba
nhurra
/ɳuɻa/
Mbwa
kuwiyarl
/kuwijaɻl/
Paka
paka
/paka/
Kula
ngarna
/ŋaɻna/
Kunywa
nyuna
/ɲuna/
Moja
kuyu
/kuju/
Mbili
wuthada
/wut̪aɖa/
Habari
—
/—/
Asante
—
/—/
Nzuri
walykumarra
/waʎkumaɻa/
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Pama-Nyungan zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kinhanda | Kiwarnman | Kiolkol | Kimartu Wangka | Kipintupi-Luritja | Kipitjantjatjara | Kiwarlpiri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kupa /kupa/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ |
| Moto | warla /waɻla/ | waru /waɻu/ | paral /paɻal/ | waru /waɾu/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | warlu /waɭu/ |
| Jua | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | tjirntu /cinʈu/ | naŋkari /naŋkaɻi/ | tjirntu /cɪɳʈu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | wanta /wanta/ |
| Mwezi | kanyala /kaɲala/ | kintirriny /kinʈiriɲ/ | kakal /kakal/ | kayalany /kajalaɲ/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Nyota | indiya /indija/ | biyi /biji/ | el idnban /el ˈidnban/ | piriny /piriɲ/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | wanjirlpirri /waɲɟiɭpiri/ |
| Mama | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngangi /ŋaŋi/ | yakaji /jakaɟi/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngati /ŋati/ |
| Baba | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | kirrki /kiɻki/ | kaba /kaba/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | kirda /kiɖa/ |
| Mimi | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ay /aj/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ |
| Wewe | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | inag /inaɡ/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Jina | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | ukal /ukal/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ |
| Jicho | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mil /mil/ | kuru /kuɾu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | milpa /milpa/ |
| Mkono | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɾa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ |
| Moyo | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | kurda /kuɖa/ | piku /piku/ | kurtu /kʊɻʈu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | wankaru /waŋkaɻu/ |
| Upendo | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | kanyji /kaɲɟi/ | kanyji /kaɲɟi/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | nyangu /ɲaŋu/ |
| Mti | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | watiya /watija/ | warray /waɾaj/ | watarrka /wataɻka/ | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | watiya /watija/ |
| Nyumba | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋuɻa/ | mariŋ /maɻiŋ/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ |
| Mbwa | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | walyamarra /waʎamaɻa/ | kunpa /kunpa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | jarntu /caɳʈu/ |
| Paka | paka /paka/ | ngarda /ŋaɖa/ | paka /paka/ | — /—/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ |
| Kula | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngarra /ŋaɻa/ | ngarinya /ŋaɻiɲa/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ |
| Kunywa | nyuna /ɲuna/ | nyaa /ɲaː/ | kupa nyaa /kupa ɲaː/ | tjiki- /cɪki/ | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | purrami /purami/ |
| Moja | kuyu /kuju/ | kuyu /kuju/ | kuyu /kuju/ | kutjarra-wangu /kucara waŋu/ | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | jinta /cinta/ |
| Mbili | wuthada /wut̪aɖa/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | uchir /utʃir/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | walytjarra /waʎcaɻa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | ngurrju /ŋurcu/ |
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