English (Geordie)
Kiingereza (Geordie)
Kihindi-Ulaya (Magharibi Kijerumani, Kiingereza)
Geordie kwa maana finyu zaidi ni lahaja na lafudhi ya Kiingereza ya Newcastle upon Tyne na Tyneside, ingawa jina hilo mara nyingi hutumiwa kwa upana zaidi kwa Kiingereza cha Kaskazini-Mashariki. Eneo pana si lenye usawa kiisimu: Tyneside hutofautiana na Wearside, Teesside, Northumberland na Durham, na matumizi hubadilika kwa umri, tabaka na mtindo. Sifa za jadi za Tyneside ni irabu za FACE na GOAT kutamkwa kama irabu moja, irabu ya kihafidhina ya MOUTH inayoweza kusikika kama [uː] katika usemi mzito wa eneo, na kutokuwepo kwa mgawanyiko wa FOOT–STRUT; wasemaji wa sasa hutumia sifa hizi kwa viwango tofauti. Sarufi na msamiati wa eneo una maumbo kama gan “kwenda”, bairn “mtoto”, canny na divn't “si”, pamoja na miundo inayoshirikiwa na lahaja jirani za kaskazini. Korpasi kubwa ya rekodi tangu miaka ya 1960 inaonyesha mwendelezo na mabadiliko, kwa hiyo Geordie haipaswi kuonekana kama mabaki yasiyobadilika ya Kiingereza cha Kale.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiingereza (Geordie)
Maji
water
/ˈwɔːtɐ/
Moto
fire
/faɪə/
Jua
sun
/sʊn/
Mwezi
moon
/muːn/
Nyota
star
/staː/
Mama
mother
/ˈmʊðɐ/
Baba
father
/ˈfaːðɐ/
Mimi
I
/aɪ/
Wewe
you
/juː/
Jina
name
/neːm/
Jicho
eye
/aɪ/
Mkono
hand
/hand/
Moyo
heart
/haːt/
Upendo
love
/lʊv/
Mti
tree
/tɹiː/
Nyumba
house
/huːs/
Mbwa
dog
/dɒɡ/
Paka
cat
/kat/
Kula
eat
/iːt/
Kunywa
drink
/dɹɪŋk/
Moja
one
/wʊn/
Mbili
two
/tuː/
Habari
hello
/həˈloː/
Asante
thanks
/θaŋks/
Nzuri
good
/ɡʊd/
Vyanzo
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European (West Germanic, English) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiingereza (Geordie) | Kiingereza (Manchester) | Kiingereza (Kiwelshi) | Kiingereza (West Country) | Kiingereza (Ghana) | Kiingereza (Kiayalandi) | Kiingereza (Yorkshire) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɑːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Mimi | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aː/ |
| Wewe | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Jina | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Jicho | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| Upendo | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /triː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Nyumba | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɔɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /drɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Moja | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tˠuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /hɛˈloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ |
| Asante | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θæŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | ta /tɑː/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.