English (Brummie)
Kiingereza (Brummie)
Kihindi-Ulaya (Magharibi Kijerumani, Kiingereza)
Brummie ni jina la eneo la Kiingereza kinachohusishwa na Birmingham, huku usemi wa Black Country jirani ukiwa na uhusiano lakini tofauti na usichukuliwe tu kuwa lahaja hiyo hiyo. Kiingereza cha Birmingham hutofautiana ndani ya jiji na kwa kabila, umri, tabaka na mtindo, kikionyesha mifumo ya zamani ya West Midlands na uhamiaji wa baadaye. Sifa za irabu zinazoelezwa mara nyingi ni difthongi ya FACE iliyosogea kienyeji na irabu za PRICE na CHOICE zilizo karibu au kuingiliana; baadhi ya wasemaji huunganisha FOOT na STRUT lakini wengine huzitofautisha, hivyo maelezo ya moja kwa moja kuwa ni ya “kaskazini” yanapotosha. Usemi wa jadi unaweza pia kuhifadhi /ɡ/ baada ya /ŋ/ katika maneno kama singer na kutumia msamiati wa eneo kama babby “mtoto mchanga” na mom. Brummie haitamki r baada ya irabu na huandikwa kwa tahajia ya kawaida ya Kiingereza; taswira yake ya umma ambayo mara nyingi ni hasi huonyesha dhana potofu za kijamii, si upungufu wa kiisimu.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiingereza (Brummie)
Maji
water
/ˈwɔːtə/
Moto
fire
/fɔɪə/
Jua
sun
/sʊn/
Mwezi
moon
/muːn/
Nyota
star
/staː/
Mama
mother
/ˈmʊðə/
Baba
father
/ˈfaːðə/
Mimi
I
/ɔɪ/
Wewe
you
/jʊ/
Jina
name
/nʌɪm/
Jicho
eye
/ɔɪ/
Mkono
hand
/hand/
Moyo
heart
/haːt/
Upendo
love
/lʊv/
Mti
tree
/tɹiː/
Nyumba
house
/hæʊs/
Mbwa
dog
/dɒɡ/
Paka
cat
/kat/
Kula
eat
/iːt/
Kunywa
drink
/dɹɪŋk/
Moja
one
/wʊn/
Mbili
two
/tuː/
Habari
hello
/həˈlʌʊ/
Asante
ta
/taː/
Nzuri
good
/ɡʊd/
Vyanzo
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European (West Germanic, English) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiingereza (Brummie) | Kiingereza (Manchester) | Kiingereza (Geordie) | Kiingereza (Kiayalandi) | Kiingereza (Kiwelshi) | Kiingereza (Scouse) | Kiingereza (Yorkshire) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɑːtəɹ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːt̪sə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɑɪəɹ/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðəɹ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfɑːðəɹ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Mimi | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɑɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aː/ |
| Wewe | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Jina | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ |
| Jicho | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɑɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /and/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːt̪s/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| Upendo | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Nyumba | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /aʊs/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɣ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kat̪s/ | cat /kat/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt̪s/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋx/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Moja | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wɒn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tˠuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /hɛˈloː/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ |
| Asante | ta /taː/ | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /taŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /ta/ | ta /tɑː/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
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