English (Mancunian)
Kiingereza (Manchester)
Kihindi-Ulaya (Magharibi Kijerumani, Kiingereza)
Kiingereza cha Manchester (msimbo wa mradi en_manc) kinajumuisha lafudhi na lahaja za Manchester na sehemu kubwa ya mfululizo wa miji wa Greater Manchester unaozunguka eneo hilo kaskazini-magharibi mwa Uingereza. Ni sehemu ya eneo la lahaja za kaskazini mwa Uingereza na kwa kawaida hakina mgawanyiko wa FOOT–STRUT, huku maneno ya BATH kwa ujumla yakihifadhi irabu fupi ya TRAP. Sifa bainifu lakini zinazobadilika ni irabu ya mwisho iliyolegea au kushuka kiasi katika maneno ya happY, hasa katika usemi wa tabaka la wafanyakazi, na “nazali ya kaakaa laini pamoja”, ambapo /ɡ/ inaweza kuhifadhiwa baada ya /ŋ/ katika maneno kama singer au katika -ng ya mwisho. Irabu za FACE na GOAT, kiimbo, msamiati na sarufi hutofautiana kwa mitaa, tabaka za kijamii, makundi ya kikabila na vizazi. Kwa hiyo si lafudhi moja isiyobadilika: usawazishaji wa lahaja za eneo unabadilisha baadhi ya sifa, huku nyingine zikibaki alama thabiti za utambulisho wa mahali; maandishi rasmi hufuata desturi za Kiingereza Sanifu cha Uingereza.
Inakozungumzwa
Maneno 31 ya msingi katika Kiingereza (Manchester)
Maji
water
/ˈwɔːtɐ/
Moto
fire
/faɪə/
Jua
sun
/sʊn/
Mwezi
moon
/muːn/
Nyota
star
/staː/
Mama
mother
/ˈmʊðɐ/
Baba
father
/ˈfaːðɐ/
Mimi
I
/aɪ/
Wewe
you
/juː/
Jina
name
/neɪm/
Jicho
eye
/aɪ/
Mkono
hand
/hand/
Moyo
heart
/haːt/
Upendo
love
/lʊv/
Mti
tree
/tɹiː/
Nyumba
house
/haʊs/
Mbwa
dog
/dɒɡ/
Paka
cat
/kat/
Kula
eat
/iːt/
Kunywa
drink
/dɹɪŋk/
Moja
one
/wʊn/
Mbili
two
/tuː/
Habari
hello
/həˈlɔʊ/
Asante
ta
/taː/
Nzuri
good
/ɡʊd/
Vyanzo
- Wells (1982) Accents of English
- International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha za Indo-European (West Germanic, English) zinazohusiana
| Maana | Kiingereza (Manchester) | Kiingereza (Geordie) | Kiingereza (Brummie) | Kiingereza (Scouse) | Kiingereza (Kiwelshi) | Kiingereza (West Country) | Kiingereza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtɐ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːt̪sə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːtɚ/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ |
| Moto | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /fɔɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faɪɚ/ | fire /faɪə/ |
| Jua | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Mwezi | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Nyota | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑː/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ | star /stɑːɹ/ |
| Mama | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðɐ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ | mother /ˈmʌðə/ |
| Baba | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðɐ/ | father /ˈfaːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈvɑːðɚ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ |
| Mimi | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /ɔɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ | I /aɪ/ |
| Wewe | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /jʊ/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Jina | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /nʌɪm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neːm/ | name /neɪm/ | name /neɪm/ |
| Jicho | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /ɔɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aɪ/ |
| Mkono | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hænd/ |
| Moyo | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /haːt/ | heart /hɑːt̪s/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ | heart /hɑːt/ |
| Upendo | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Mti | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| Nyumba | house /haʊs/ | house /huːs/ | house /hæʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ | house /haʊs/ |
| Mbwa | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɣ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɒɡ/ |
| Paka | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat̪s/ | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæt/ |
| Kula | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt̪s/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Kunywa | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋx/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| Moja | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʊn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Mbili | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tuː/ |
| Habari | hello /həˈlɔʊ/ | hello /həˈloː/ | hello /həˈlʌʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ | hello /hɛˈloʊ/ | hello /həˈləʊ/ |
| Asante | ta /taː/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | ta /taː/ | ta /ta/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thanks /θaŋks/ | thank you /θæŋk juː/ |
| Nzuri | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
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