Tz'unun K'iche'
Bahasa Uspanteko
Mayan
Uspanteko (autonymously Tz'unun K'iche', "the language of Uspantán") is a K'ichean Mayan language of the Cuchumatanes highlands of Guatemala, spoken by around 5,000 people primarily in the Uspantán municipality of El Quiché department. Uspanteko is famous in linguistic typology for being the only Mayan language with grammatical tone — most Mayan languages have lost their original Proto-Mayan tonal contrasts, but Uspanteko has innovated a new tonal system that is used for grammatical purposes (specifically, for marking perfective aspect on certain verbs). Linguistically, Uspanteko is part of the K'ichean branch alongside K'iche' (quc), Tz'utujil (tzj), Kaqchikel (cak), and Sakapulteko (skp), but with distinct phonological and lexical features. The Uspanteko community survived the 1980s Guatemalan Civil War genocide and have maintained their language through community isolation in the Cuchumatanes mountain valleys.
Tempat dituturkan
20 kata inti dalam Bahasa Uspanteko
Air
jaʼ
/haʔ/
Api
qʼaqʼ
/qʼaqʼ/
Matahari
qʼiij
/qʼiːh/
Bulan
ikʼ
/ikʼ/
Ibu
nan
/nan/
Ayah
tat
/tat/
Makan
waʼ
/waʔ/
Minum
ukʼ
/ukʼ/
Cinta
lóqʼ
/lóqʼ/
Hati
kʼuʼx
/kʼuʔʃ/
Pohon
cheʼ
/tʃeʔ/
Rumah
jaa
/haː/
Anjing
tzʼiʼ
/tsʼiʔ/
Kucing
mis
/mis/
Tangan
qʼab
/qʼab/
Mata
wach
/watʃ/
Halo
saʼbʼal
/saʔbal/
Terima kasih
maltyox
/maltjoʃ/
Satu
jun
/hun/
Baik
utz
/uts/
Sumber
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa Mayan terkait
| Arti | Bahasa Uspanteko | Kʼicheʼ | Kaqchikel | Bahasa Tojolabal | Bahasa Itzá Maya | Maya Klasik | Bahasa Poqomchi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Api | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | qʼaaq /qʼaːq/ |
| Matahari | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | qʼij /qʼih/ |
| Bulan | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | uj /uh/ | uh /uh/ | ik /ik/ |
| Ibu | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | nan /nan/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | tuut /tuːt/ |
| Ayah | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | ajaab /ahaːb/ |
| Makan | waʼ /waʔ/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | jant /hant/ | wiʼij /wiʔiχ/ | wai /wai/ |
| Minum | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːh/ | kumun /kumun/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uuk /uːk/ |
| Cinta | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | loqʼoj /loqʼoh/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | yaah /jaːh/ | rahaal /rahaːl/ |
| Hati | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | anima /anima/ | alma /alma/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | pixan /piʃan/ | kʼuxl /kʼuʃl/ |
| Pohon | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheeʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Rumah | jaa /haː/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | naj /nah/ | nah /nah/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | paat /paːt/ |
| Anjing | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Kucing | mis /mis/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | miis /miːs/ | mees /meːs/ |
| Tangan | qʼab /qʼab/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Mata | wach /watʃ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | bʼaqʼ wach /ɓaqʼ watʃ/ | satej /sateh/ | ich /itʃ/ | ich /itʃ/ | nakʼ /nakʼ/ |
| Halo | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwætʃ/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ |
| Terima kasih | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | yuj /juh/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ |
| Satu | jun /hun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jino /hino/ |
| Baik | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | utz /uts/ | lek /lek/ | malobʼ /malob/ | utz /uts/ | saqʼwach /saqʼwatʃ/ |
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