Proto-Turkic
Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety
Proto-Turkic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Turkic family — Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Uyghur, Yakut and many others. It is usually placed in Mongolia or eastern Central Asia in the last centuries BCE and is well reconstructed.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Proto-Turkic
Water
*sub
/sub/
Fire
*ōt
/ōt/
Sun
*kün
/kün/
Moon
*āń
/āń/
Star
*jultuz
/jultuz/
Mother
*ana
/ana/
Father
*ata
/ata/
I
*ben
/ben/
You
*sen
/sen/
Name
*āt
/āt/
Eye
*köz
/köz/
Hand
*elig
/elig/
Heart
*jürek
/jürek/
Love
—
/—/
Tree
*ïgač
/ïgač/
House
*ēb
/ēb/
Dog
*ït
/ït/
Cat
—
/—/
Eat
*jē-
/jē-/
Drink
*ič-
/ič-/
One
*bīr
/bīr/
Two
*eki
/eki/
Hello
—
/—/
Thank you
—
/—/
Good
*edgü
/edgü/
Sources
- Clauson (1972) Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish
- Róna-Tas & Berta (2011) West Old Turkic
Words compared
Compared with related Proto-language (reconstructed) languages
| Meaning | Proto-Turkic | Old Turkic | Western Yugur | Tofa | Karakhanid | Nogai | Kumyk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | *sub /sub/ | 𐰽𐰆𐰉 /sub/ | su /su/ | суғ /suɣ/ | suw /suw/ | сув /suv/ | сув /suv/ |
| Fire | *ōt /ōt/ | 𐰆𐱃 /ot/ | ot /ot/ | от /ot/ | ot /ot/ | от /ot/ | от /ot/ |
| Sun | *kün /kün/ | 𐰚𐰰𐰣 /kyn/ | kün /kʰyn/ | хүн /xyn/ | kün /kyn/ | күн /kyn/ | гюн /ɡyn/ |
| Moon | *āń /āń/ | 𐰀𐰖 /aj/ | aj /aj/ | ай /aj/ | ay /aj/ | ай /aj/ | ай /aj/ |
| Star | *jultuz /jultuz/ | 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰕 /jultuz/ | yiltus /jɯltɯs/ | сылдыс /sɯldɯs/ | yultuz /jultuz/ | юлдыз /juldɯz/ | юлдуз /julduz/ |
| Mother | *ana /ana/ | 𐰜𐰏 /øɡ/ | ana /ana/ | ийе /ije/ | ana /ana/ | ана /ana/ | ана /ana/ |
| Father | *ata /ata/ | 𐰴𐰭 /qaŋ/ | ata /ata/ | ача /atʃa/ | ata /ata/ | атай /ataj/ | ата /ata/ |
| I | *ben /ben/ | 𐰋𐰤 /ben/ | men /men/ | мен /men/ | men /men/ | мен /men/ | мен /men/ |
| You | *sen /sen/ | 𐰾𐰤 /sen/ | sen /sen/ | сен /sen/ | sen /sen/ | сен /sen/ | сен /sen/ |
| Name | *āt /āt/ | 𐰀𐱃 /at/ | at /at/ | ат /at/ | at /at/ | ат /at/ | ат /at/ |
| Eye | *köz /köz/ | 𐰚𐰕 /køz/ | kez /kez/ | карак /karak/ | köz /køz/ | коьз /køz/ | гёз /ɡøz/ |
| Hand | *elig /elig/ | 𐰘𐰠𐰏 /eliɡ/ | ɨlɨɣ /ɯlɯɣ/ | хол /xol/ | qol /qol/ | къол /qol/ | къол /qol/ |
| Heart | *jürek /jürek/ | 𐰚𐰭𐰠 /køŋyl/ | jörek /jørek/ | чүрек /tʃyrek/ | yürek /jyrek/ | юрек /jyrek/ | юрек /jyrek/ |
| Love | — /—/ | 𐰽𐰋- /sæb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sevgü /sevɡy/ | суьюв /syjyv/ | сюйюв /syjyv/ |
| Tree | *ïgač /ïgač/ | 𐰃𐰍𐰲 /ɯɣatʃ/ | terik /terik/ | ыъаш /ɯʔaʃ/ | ığač /ɯɣatʃ/ | терек /terek/ | терек /terek/ |
| House | *ēb /ēb/ | 𐰋 /æb/ | jü /jy/ | өг /øɣ/ | ev /ev/ | уьй /yj/ | уьй /yj/ |
| Dog | *ït /ït/ | 𐰃𐱃 /it/ | əʂt /ɯʂt/ | ыът /ɯʔt/ | it /it/ | ит /it/ | ит /it/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | piši /piʃi/ | мысык /məsəq/ | мишик /miʃik/ |
| Eat | *jē- /jē-/ | 𐰘𐰃- /je/ | ji /ji/ | чиир /tʃiːr/ | yi- /ji/ | аш /aʃ/ | ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ |
| Drink | *ič- /ič-/ | 𐰃𐰲- /itʃ/ | ɨš /ɯʃ/ | иъжер /iʔʒer/ | ič- /itʃ/ | иш /iʃ/ | ичмек /itʃmek/ |
| One | *bīr /bīr/ | 𐰋𐰃𐰼 /bir/ | per /pɪr/ | бир /bir/ | bir /bir/ | бир /bir/ | бир /bir/ |
| Two | *eki /eki/ | 𐰃𐰚𐰃 /eki/ | šigɨ /ʃiɣɯ/ | ийи /iji/ | iki /iki/ | эки /eki/ | эки /eki/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salām /salaːm/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tabug /tabuɡ/ | сав бол /sav bol/ | савбол /savbol/ |
| Good | *edgü /edgü/ | 𐰓𐰏𐰢 /ædɡy/ | yaş /jɑʂ/ | эъки /eʔki/ | yaqšı /jaqʃɯ/ | яксы /jaksə/ | яхшы /jaχʃə/ |
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