Proto-Japonic

Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyProto-language (reconstructed) SpeakersExtinct (hypothetical) ScriptNone / reconstructed CountriesN. Kyushu / southern Korean peninsula (hypothetical) Official inNone Vitalityextinct

Proto-Japonic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Japonic family — Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages. It is usually linked to the Yayoi migration and placed in northern Kyushu and the southern Korean peninsula roughly between the 5th century BCE and the 5th century CE; it is well reconstructed from Old Japanese and Ryukyuan. (Its proposed deeper link to Koreanic — Proto-Japonic-Koreanic — is a separate, disputed entry.)

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Proto-Japonic

Water

*midu

/midu/

Fire

*poy

/poy/

Sun

*pi

/pi/

Moon

*tukuy

/tukuy/

Star

*pəsi

/pəsi/

Mother

*papa

/papa/

Father

*titi

/titi/

I

*wa

/wa/

You

*na

/na/

Name

*na

/na/

Eye

*may

/may/

Hand

*ta

/ta/

Heart

*kəkərə

/kəkərə/

Love

/—/

Tree

*kəy

/kəy/

House

*ipay

/ipay/

Dog

*inu

/inu/

Cat

/—/

Eat

*kupa-

/kupa-/

Drink

*nəm-

/nəm-/

One

*pitə

/pitə/

Two

*puta

/puta/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

Good

*yə

/yə/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Proto-language (reconstructed) languages

Meaning Proto-JaponicOld JapaneseProto-RyukyuanJapanese (Heian period)Middle JapaneseProto-AustronesianBabuza (Favorlang)
Water *midu /midu/ /midu/ *midu /midu/ /midu/ /midu/ *daNum /daNum/ zalum /zalum/
Fire *poy /poy/ /pi/ *pii /piː/ /ɸi/ /ɸi/ *Sapuy /Sapuy/ apoi /apoi/
Sun *pi /pi/ /pi/ *teda /teda/ /ɸi/ /ɸi/ *waRi /waRi/ /—/
Moon *tukuy /tukuy/ /tukï/ *tuki /tuki/ /tukï/ /tuki/ *bulaN /bulaN/ zilias /siliəs/
Star *pəsi /pəsi/ /posi/ *posi /posi/ /ɸosi/ /ɸoɕi/ *bituqen /bituqen/ botto /botːo/
Mother *papa /papa/ /papa/ *amma /amma/ /ɸaɸa/ /ɸaɸa/ *ina /ina/ tina /tina/
Father *titi /titi/ /titi/ *aja /aja/ /titi/ /titi/ *ama /ama/ tama /tama/
I *wa /wa/ /wa/ *wa /wa/ /waɾe/ /waɾe/ *aku /aku/ ka-ina /kaina/
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